Sols 4507-4508: “Just Keep Driving”

Sols 4507-4508: “Just Keep Driving”

2 min read

Sols 4507-4508: “Just Keep Driving”

NASA's Mars rover Curiosity acquired this image using its Mars Hand Lens Imager
NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity acquired this image using its Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), located on the turret at the end of the rover’s robotic arm, on April 9, 2025, Sol 4505 of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission, at 00:56:30 UTC.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

Written by Natalie Moore, Mission Operations Specialist at Malin Space Science Systems

Earth planning date: Wednesday, April 9, 2025

Our drive from Monday’s plan was mostly successful, putting us ~22 meters down the “road” out of an expected 30 meters. A steering command halted the drive a little short when we tried to turn-in-place but instead turned into a rock, which also had the effect of making our position too unstable for arm activities. Oh well! APXS data has been showing the recent terrain as being pretty similar in composition, so the team isn’t complaining about trying again after another drive. Plus, keeping the arm stowed should give us a little more power to play with in the coming sols (an ongoing struggle this Martian winter).

Recently, my job on Mastcam has been to make sure our science imaging is as concurrent as possible with required rover activities. This strategy helps save rover awake time, AKA power consumption. Today we did a pretty good job with this, only increasing the total awake time by ~2 minutes even though we planned 52 images! Our imaging today included a mosaic of the “Devil’s Gate” ridge including some nodular bedrock and distant “Torote Bowl,” a mosaic of a close-by vein network named “Moonstone Beach,” and several sandy troughs surrounding the bedrock blocks we see here. 

ChemCam is planning a LIBS raster on a vertical vein in our workspace named “Jackrabbit Flat,” and a distant RMI mosaic of “Condor Peak” (a butte to the north we’re losing view of). Our drive will happen in the 1400 hour on the first sol, hopefully landing us successfully 53 meters further into this new valley on our way to the boxwork structures to the west! Post-drive, we’re including a test of a “Post Traverse Autonav Terrain Observation” AKA PoTATO – an easy drop-in activity for ground analysis of a rover-built navigation map of our new terrain. Plus we get to say PoTATO a lot.

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Crew Works on Spacesuits, Studies How Space Affects Breathing, Blood System

Crew Works on Spacesuits, Studies How Space Affects Breathing, Blood System

NASA astronaut and Expedition 72 Flight Engineer Don Pettit inspects a spacesuit aboard the International Space Station's Quest airlock.
Astronaut Don Pettit inspects a spacesuit aboard the International Space Station’s Quest airlock.
NASA

Spacesuit checks and breath and blood circulation studies wrapped up the week for the Expedition 72 crew aboard the International Space Station. Meanwhile, three new crewmates are getting used to life in space while another trio is preparing to return to Earth.

NASA Flight Engineers Anne McClain and Nichole Ayers worked throughout Friday inside the Quest airlock installing display and control modules on a pair of spacesuits. The liquid crystal electronics gear features controllers and displays the operational status of the spacesuit. Next, NASA Flight Engineers Jonny Kim and Don Pettit reviewed procedures to ensure the spacesuits are ready to wear and the necessary suit hardware is installed.

Kim has been in space less than a week having arrived aboard the Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft on April 8 with Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritsky. The trio has been getting used to life in weightlessness, learning how to operate space station systems, and rapidly getting to work on standard maintenance and research tasks.

Kim spent a portion of Friday installing orbital plumbing gear and transferring fluids in the Tranquility module. Ryzhikov and Zubritsky were back together at the end of the week working on two different space biology experiments. The pair first explored how microgravity affects their breathing rate. Next, the two cosmonauts wore sensors on their forehead, fingers, and toes measuring how their blood circulates in space.

Pettit is turning his attention to his upcoming departure with station Commander Alexey Ovchinin and Flight Engineer Ivan Vagner who have been aboard the station since Sept. 11, 2024. Pettit is gradually handing over his responsibilities to his new crewmates and spent a few moments on Friday training them how to use the advanced resistive exercise device. Ovchinin and Vagner practiced on a computer the techniques they will use when they into Earth’s atmosphere inside the Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft. The threesome will undock aboard the Soyuz from the Rassvet module and land in Kazakhstan on April 19 ending the Expedition 72 mission.

Pettit had spent the first part of Friday studying how water, liquid salt, and olive oil droplets transition from a frozen state to a liquid state in microgravity for a student experiment. He then scanned JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Takuya Onishi’s neck, shoulder, and leg veins using the Ultrasound 2 device to understand how his body is adapting to space.

Ovchinin and Vagner also partnered with Roscosmos Flight Engineer Kirill Peskov and tested the lower body negative pressure suit that may pull body fluids toward the feet and prevent space-caused head and eye pressure. The specialized suit may also help crews quickly readjust to Earth’s gravity after living in space for months or years at a time.

Learn more about station activities by following the space station blog, @space_station and @ISS_Research on X, as well as the ISS Facebook and ISS Instagram accounts.

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Mark A. Garcia

NASA-Developed Tools at Marshall Support Operations to Space Station

NASA-Developed Tools at Marshall Support Operations to Space Station

3 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

Three men standing inside a computer room reviewing information on a computer screen.
From left, Ramon Pedoto, Nathan Walkenhorst, and Tyrell Jemison review information at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The three team members developed new automation tools at Marshall for flight controllers working with the International Space Station (Credit:
NASA/Tyrell Jemison

Two new automation tools developed at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, are geared toward improving operations for flight controllers working with the International Space Station from the Huntsville Operations Support Center.

The tools, called AutoDump and Permanently Missing Intervals Checker, will free the flight control team to focus on situational awareness, anomaly response, and real-time coordination.

The space station experiences routine loss-of-signal periods based on communication coverage as the space station orbits the Earth. When signal is lost, an onboard buffer records data that could not be downlinked during that period. Following acquisition of signal, flight controllers previously had to send a command to downlink, or “dump,” the stored data.

The AutoDump tool streamlines a repetitive data downlinking command from flight controllers by detecting a routine loss-of-signal, and then autonomously sending the command to downlink data stored in the onboard buffer when the signal is acquired again. Once the data has been downlinked, the tool will automatically make an entry in the console log to confirm the downlink took place.

“Reliably and quickly sending these dump commands is important to ensure that space station payload developers can operate from the most current data,” said Michael Zekoff, manager of Space Systems Operations at Marshall.

As a direct result of this tool, we have eliminated the need to manually perform routine data dump commands by as much as 40% for normal operations.

Michael Zekoff

Michael Zekoff

Space Systems Operations Manager

AutoDump was successfully deployed on Feb. 4 in support of the orbiting laboratory.

The other tool, known as the Permanently Missing Intervals Checker, is another automated process coming online that will improve team efficiency.

Permanently missing intervals are gaps in the data stream where data can be lost due to a variety of reasons, including network fluctuations. The missing intervals are generally short but are documented so the scientific community and other users have confirmation that the missing data is unable to be recovered.

“The process of checking for and documenting permanently missing intervals is challenging and incredibly time-consuming to make sure we capture all the payload impacts,” said Nathan Walkenhorst, a NASA contractor with Bailey Collaborative Solutions who serves as a flight controller specialist.

The checker will allow NASA to quickly gather and assess payload impacts, reduce disruptions to operations, and allow researchers to get better returns on their science investigations. It is expected to be deployed later this year.

In addition to Walkenhorst, Zekoff also credited Ramon Pedoto, a software architect, and Tyrell Jemison, a NASA contractor and data management coordinator with Teledyne Brown Engineering Inc, for their work in developing the automation tools. The development of the tools also requires coordination between flight control and software teams at Marshall, followed by extensive testing in both simulated and flight environments, including spacecraft operations, communications coverage, onboard anomalies, and other unexpected conditions.

“The team solicited broad review to ensure that the tool would integrate correctly with other station systems,” Zekoff said. “Automated tools are evaluated carefully to prevent unintended commanding or other consequences. Analysis of the tools included thorough characterization of the impacts, risk mitigation strategies, and approval by stakeholders across the International Space Station program.”

The Huntsville Operations Support Center provides payload, engineering, and mission operations support to the space station, the Commercial Crew Program, and Artemis missions, as well as science and technology demonstration missions. The Payload Operations Integration Center within the Huntsville Operations Support Center operates, plans, and coordinates the science experiments onboard the space station 365 days a year, 24 hours a day.

For more information on the International Space Station, visit:

www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/

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Apr 11, 2025

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Beth Ridgeway

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Beth Ridgeway

GLOBE Mission Earth Supports Career Technical Education

GLOBE Mission Earth Supports Career Technical Education

4 min read

GLOBE Mission Earth Supports Career Technical Education

The NASA Science Activation program’s GLOBE Mission EARTH (GME) project is forging powerful connections between career technical education (CTE) programs and real-world science, inspiring students across the United States to pursue careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

GME is a collaborative effort between NASA scientists, educators, and schools that brings NASA Earth science and the GLOBE Program into classrooms to support hands-on, inquiry-based learning. GLOBE (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) is an international science and education program that provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process, contributing meaningfully to our understanding of the Earth system.

By connecting students directly to environmental research and NASA data, GME helps make science more relevant, engaging, and applicable to students’ futures. In CTE programs—where project-based and work-based learning are key instructional strategies—GME’s integration of GLOBE protocols offers students the chance to develop not only technical skills, but also essential data literacy and professional competencies like collaboration, critical thinking, and communication. These cross-cutting skills are valuable across a wide range of industries, from agriculture and advanced manufacturing to natural resources and public safety.

The real-world, hands-on approach of CTE makes it an ideal setting for implementing GLOBE to support STEM learning across industries. At Skyline High School in Oakland, California, for example, GLOBE has been embedded in multiple courses within the school’s Green Energy Pathway, originally launched by GLOBE partner Tracy Ostrom. Over the past decade, nearly 1,000 students have participated in GLOBE activities at Skyline. Many of these students describe their experiences with environmental data collection and interactions with NASA scientists as inspiring and transformative. Similarly, at Toledo Technology Academy, GME is connecting students with NASA science and renewable energy projects—allowing them to study how solar panels impact their local environment and how weather conditions affect wind energy generation.

To expand awareness of how GLOBE can enhance CTE learning and career preparation, WestEd staff Svetlana Darche and Nico Janik presented at the Educating for Careers Conference on March 3, 2025, in Sacramento, California. This event, sponsored by the California chapter of the Association for Career and Technical Education (ACTE), brought together over 2,600 educators dedicated to equipping students with the tools they need to succeed in an evolving job market. Darche and Janik’s session, titled “Developing STEM Skills While Contributing to Science,” showcased GLOBE’s role in work-based learning and introduced new federal definitions from the Carl D. Perkins Act (Perkins V) that emphasize:

  • Interactions with industry professionals
  • A direct link to curriculum and instruction
  • First-hand engagement with real-world tasks in a given career field

GLOBE’s approach to scientific data collection aligns perfectly with these criteria. Janik led 40 educators through a hands-on experience using the GLOBE Surface Temperature Protocol, demonstrating how students investigate the Urban Heat Island Effect while learning critical technical and analytical skills. By collecting and analyzing real-world data, students gain firsthand experience with the tools and methods used by scientists, bridging the gap between classroom learning and future career opportunities.

Through GME’s work with CTE programs, students are not only learning science—they are doing science. These authentic experiences inspire, empower, and prepare students for careers where data literacy, scientific inquiry, and problem-solving are essential. With ongoing collaborations between GLOBE, NASA, and educators nationwide, the next generation of STEM professionals is already taking shape—one real-world investigation at a time.

GME is supported by NASA under cooperative agreement award number NNX16AC54A and is part of NASA’s Science Activation Portfolio. Learn more about how Science Activation connects NASA science experts, real content, and experiences with community leaders to do science in ways that activate minds and promote deeper understanding of our world and beyond: https://science.nasa.gov/learn

Teacher using PowerPoint to talk about the Green Energy Pathway CTE program developed by Tracy Ostrom.
GreenEnergyPathway presenting the Green Energy Pathway CTE program.

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Apr 11, 2025
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NASA Science Editorial Team

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Apollo 13 Launch: 55 Years Ago

Apollo 13 Launch: 55 Years Ago

Apollo 13 launches upward, leaving a column of flames and light brown vapor behind it. Trees and vegetation frame the water at the bottom of the photo. Outlines of small animals can be see in the water. At bottom left is written "Apollo 13, launch" in capital letters. At bottom right is a series of letters and numbers labeling the photo.
NASA

NASA astronauts Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, and Jack Swigert launch aboard the Apollo 13 spacecraft from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on April 11, 1970. The mission seemed to be going smoothly until 55 hours and 55 minutes in when an oxygen tank ruptured. The new mission plan involved abandoning the Moon landing, looping around the Moon and getting the crew home safely as quickly as possible. The crew needed to go into “lifeboat mode,” using the lunar module Aquarius to save the spacecraft and crew. On April 17, the crew returned to Earth, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean near Samoa.

Image credit: NASA

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Monika Luabeya