Devil’s in Details in Selfie Taken by NASA’s Mars Perseverance Rover

Devil’s in Details in Selfie Taken by NASA’s Mars Perseverance Rover

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Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

NASA’s Perseverance took this selfie on May 10, 2025. The small dark hole in the rock in front of the rover is the borehole made when Perseverance collected its latest sample. The small puff of dust left of center and below the horizon line is a dust devil.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

The rover took the image — its fifth since landing in February 2021 — between stops investigating the Martian surface.

A Martian dust devil photobombed NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover as it took a selfie on May 10 to mark its 1,500th sol (Martian day) exploring the Red Planet. At the time, the six-wheeled rover was parked in an area nicknamed “Witch Hazel Hill,” an area on Jezero Crater’s rim that the rover has been exploring over the past five months.

“The rover self-portrait at the Witch Hazel Hill area gives us a great view of the terrain and the rover hardware,” said Justin Maki, Perseverance imaging lead at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, which manages the mission. “The well-illuminated scene and relatively clear atmosphere allowed us to capture a dust devil located 3 miles to the north in Neretva Vallis.”

The selfie also gives the engineering teams a chance to view and assess the state of the rover, its instruments, and the overall dust accumulation as Perseverance reached the 1,500-sol milestone. (A day on Mars is 24.6 hours, so 1,500 sols equals 1,541 Earth days.)

Fifty-nine individual images went into the creation of this Perseverance rover selfie.
Fifty-nine individual images went into the creation of this Perseverance rover selfie.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

The bright light illuminating the scene is courtesy of the high angle of the Sun at the time the images composing the selfie were taken, lighting up Perseverance’s deck and casting its shadow below and behind the chassis. Immediately in front of the rover is the “Bell Island” borehole, the latest sampling location in the Witch Hazel Hill area.

How Perseverance Did It

This newest selfie, Perseverance’s fifth since the mission began, was stitched together on Earth from a series of 59 images collected by the WATSON (Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering) camera at the end of the robotic arm. It shows the rover’s remote sensing mast looking into the camera. To generate the version of the selfie with the mast looking at the borehole, WATSON took three additional images, concentrating on the reoriented mast.

A dust devil also whirled by in the distance as one of the hazard-avoidance cameras on NASA’s Perseverance captured the Mars rover coring a sample near the rim of Jezero Crater on April 29, 2025, the 1,490th Martian day, or sol, of the mission.
NASA/JPL-Caltech

“To get that selfie look, each WATSON image has to have its own unique field of view,” said Megan Wu, a Perseverance imaging scientist from Malin Space Science Systems in San Diego. “That means we had to make 62 precision movements of the robotic arm. The whole process takes about an hour, but it’s worth it. Having the dust devil in the background makes it a classic. This is a great shot.”

The dust covering the rover is visual evidence of the rover’s journey on Mars: By the time the image was captured, Perseverance had abraded and analyzed a total of 37 rocks and boulders with its science instruments, collected 26 rock cores (25 sealed and 1 left unsealed), and traveled more than 22 miles (36 kilometers).

“After 1,500 sols, we may be a bit dusty, but our beauty is more than skin deep,” said Art Thompson, Perseverance project manager at JPL. “Our multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator is giving us all the power we need. All our systems and subsystems are in the green and clicking along, and our amazing instruments continue to provide data that will feed scientific discoveries for years to come.”

The rover is currently exploring along the western rim of Jezero Crater, at a location the science team calls “Krokodillen.”

News Media Contacts

DC Agle
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-9011
agle@jpl.nasa.gov

Karen Fox / Molly Wasser
NASA Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
karen.c.fox@nasa.gov / molly.l.wasser@nasa.gov  

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May 21, 2025

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Anthony Greicius

Discovery Alert: A Possible Perpendicular Planet

Discovery Alert: A Possible Perpendicular Planet

Center of image contains two oblong blue ovals that intersect, representing mutual orbit of two brown dwarfs in the horizontal plane. Perpendicular to these, and crossing both, is a larger red oval representing a planetary orbit in the vertical plane. This illustration is intended to show the planet in a polar orbit around the two brown dwarfs, known as a
Artist’s concept of a planet orbiting two brown dwarfs. The planet is in a polar orbit (red), perpendicular to the mutual orbit of the two brown dwarfs (blue).
ESO/L. Calçada

The Discovery

A newly discovered planetary system, informally known as 2M1510, is among the strangest ever found. An apparent planet traces out an orbit that carries it far over the poles of two brown dwarfs. This pair of mysterious objects – too massive to be planets, not massive enough to be stars – also orbit each other. Yet a third brown dwarf orbits the other two at an extreme distance.

Key Facts

In a typical arrangement, as in our solar system, families of planets orbit their parent stars in more-or-less a flat plane – the orbital plane – that matches the star’s equator. The rotation of the star, too, aligns with this plane. Everyone is “coplanar:” flat, placid, stately.

Not so for possible planet 2M1510 b (considered a “candidate planet” pending further measurements). If confirmed, the planet would be in a “polar orbit” around the two central brown dwarfs – in other words, its orbital plane would be perpendicular to the plane in which the two brown dwarfs orbit each other. Take two flat disks, merge them together at an angle in the shape of an X, and you have the essence of this orbital configuration.

“Circumbinary” planets, those orbiting two stars at once, are rare enough. A circumbinary orbiting at a 90-degree tilt was, until now, unheard of. But new measurements of this system, using the ESO (European Southern Observatory) Very Large Telescope in Chile, appear to reveal what scientists previously only imagined. 

Details

The method by which the study’s science team teased out the planet’s vertiginous existence is itself a bit of a wild ride. The candidate planet cannot be detected the way most exoplanets – planets around other stars – are found today: the “transit” method, a kind of mini-eclipse, a tiny dip in starlight when the planet crosses the face of its star.

Instead they used the next most prolific method, “radial velocity” measurements. Orbiting planets cause their stars to rock back and forth ever so slightly, as the planets’ gravity pulls the stars one way and another; that pull causes subtle, but measurable, shifts in the star’s light spectrum. Add one more twist to the detection in this case: the push-me-pull-you effect of the planet on the two brown dwarfs’ orbit around each other. The path of the brown dwarf pair’s 21-day mutual orbit is being subtly altered in a way that can only be explained, the study’s authors conclude, by a polar-orbiting planet.

Fun Facts

Only 16 circumbinary planets – out of more than 5,800 confirmed exoplanets – have been found by scientists so far, most by the transit method. Twelve of those were found using NASA’s now-retired Kepler Space Telescope, the mission that takes the prize for the most transit detections (nearly 2,800). Scientists have observed a small number of debris disks and “protoplanetary” disks in polar orbits, and suspected that polar-orbiting planets might be out there as well. They seem at last to have turned one up.

The Discoverers

An international science team led by Thomas A. Baycroft, a Ph.D. student in astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Birmingham, U.K., published a paper describing their discovery in the journal “Science Advances” in April 2025. The planet was entered into NASA’s Exoplanet Archive on May 1, 2025. The system’s full name is 2MASS J15104786-281874 (2M1510 for short).

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May 21, 2025
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Station Nation: Meet Megan Harvey, Utilization Flight Lead and Capsule Communicator 

Station Nation: Meet Megan Harvey, Utilization Flight Lead and Capsule Communicator 

Megan Harvey is a utilization flight lead and capsule communicator, or capcom, in the Research Integration Office at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. She integrates science payload constraints related to vehicles’ launch and landing schedules. She is also working to coordinate logistics for the return of SpaceX vehicles to West Coast landing sites. 

Read on to learn about Harvey’s career with NASA and more! 

Megan Harvey talking to a flight director from the Remote Interface Officer console in the Mission Control Center at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.
NASA/Mark Sowa

Johnson Space Center is home to the best teams, both on and off the planet!

Megan Harvey

Megan Harvey

Utilization Flight Lead and Capsule Communicator

Where are you from? 

I am from Long Valley, New Jersey. 

How would you describe your job to family or friends who may not be familiar with NASA?  

Many biological experiments conducted on the space station have specific time constraints, including preparation on the ground and when crew interacts with them on orbit. I help coordinate and communicate those kinds of constraints within the International Space Station Program and with the scientific community. This is especially important because launch dates seldom stay where they are originally planned! I am also currently working in a cross-program team coordinating the logistics for the return to West Coast landings of SpaceX vehicles. 

As a capcom, I’m the position in the Mission Control Center in Houston that talks to the crew. That would be me responding to someone saying, “Houston, we have a problem!” 

I’ve worked in the Research Integration Office since the beginning of 2024 and have really enjoyed the change of pace after 11 years in the Flight Operations Directorate, where I supported several different consoles for the International Space Station. I’ve kept my capcom certification since 2021, and it is an absolute dream come true every time I get to sit in the International Space Station Flight Control Room. Johnson Space Center is home to the best teams, both on and off the planet! 

How long have you been working for NASA?  

I have been working for the agency for 13 years. 

What advice would you give to young individuals aspiring to work in the space industry or at NASA?  

Some things that I have found that helped me excel are: 

1. Practice: I am surprised over and over again how simply practicing things makes you better at them, but it works! 

2. Preparation: Don’t wing things!  

3. Curiosity: Keep questioning! 

4. Enthusiasm! 

Six people stand outside on a sunny day in front of a NASA Johnson Space Center sign. They are all wearing workout apparel.
Megan Harvey and friends after biking 25 miles to work.

Since going to Space Camp in Huntsville, Alabama, when I was 10 years old, I wanted to be a capcom and work for NASA.

Megan Harvey

Megan Harvey

Utilization Flight Lead and Capsule Communicator

What was your path to NASA?  

I had a very circuitous path to NASA. Since going to Space Camp in Huntsville, Alabama, when I was 10 years old, I wanted to be a capcom and work for NASA. I also traveled to Russia in high school and loved it. I thought working on coordination between the Russian and U.S. space programs would be awesome. In pursuit of those dreams, I earned a bachelor’s degree in physics with a minor in Russian language from Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, but I had so much fun also participating in music extracurriculars that my grades were not quite up to the standards of working at NASA. After graduation, I worked at a technology camp for a summer and then received a research assistant position in a neuroscience lab at Princeton University in New Jersey. 

After a year or so, I realized that independent research was not for me. I then worked in retail for a year before moving to California to be an instructor at Astrocamp, a year-round outdoor education camp. I taught a number of science classes, including astronomy, and had the opportunity to see the Perseverance Mars rover being put together at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. It dawned on me that I should start looking into aerospace-related graduate programs. After three years at Embry-Riddle in Daytona Beach, Florida, I received a master’s degree in engineering physics and a job offer for a flight control position, initially working for a subcontractor of United Space Alliance. I started in mission control as an attitude determination and control officer in 2012 and kept that certification until the end of 2023. Along the way, I was a Motion Control Group instructor; a Russian systems specialist and operations lead for the Houston Support Group working regularly in Moscow; a Remote Interface Officer (RIO); and supported capcom and the Vehicle Integrator team in a multipurpose support room for integration and systems engineers. I have to pinch myself when I think about how I somehow made my childhood dreams come true. 

Is there someone in the space, aerospace, or science industry that has motivated or inspired you to work for the space program? Or someone you discovered while working for NASA who inspires you?   

After I switched offices to Houston Support Group/RIO, most of my training was led by Sergey Sverdlin. He was a real character. Despite his gruffness, he and I got along really well. We were very different people, but we truly respected each other. I was always impressed with him and sought out his approval. 

Megan Harvey in Red Square in Moscow, Russia.

What is your favorite NASA memory?  

The most impactful experience I’ve had at NASA was working together with the Increment 68 leads during the days and months following the Soyuz coolant leak. I was increment lead RIO and just happened to be in the Increment Management Center the day of a planned Russian spacewalk. The increment lead RIO is not typically based in the Increment Management Center, but that day, things were not going well. All of our Russian colleagues had lost access to a critical network, and I was troubleshooting with the Increment Manager and the International Space Station Mission Management Team chair. 

I was explaining to International Space Station Deputy Program Manager Dina Contella the plan for getting our colleagues access before their off-hours spacewalk when we saw a snowstorm of flakes coming out of the Soyuz on the downlink video on her office’s wall. Those flakes were the coolant. It was incredible watching Dina switch from winding down for the day to making phone call after phone call saying, “I am calling you in.” The Increment Management Center filled up and I didn’t leave until close to midnight that day. The rest of December was a flurry (no pun intended) of intense and meaningful work with the sharpest and most caring people I know. 

What do you love sharing about station? What’s important to get across to general audiences to help them understand the benefits to life on Earth?  

There is so much to talk about! I love giving insight into the complexities of not only the space station systems themselves, but also the international collaboration of all the teams working to keep the systems and the science running. 

If you could have dinner with any astronaut, past or present, who would it be?  

I would have dinner with Mae Jemison or Sally Ride. It’s too hard to pick! 

Do you have a favorite space-related memory or moment that stands out to you?  

I was selected by my management a few years ago to visit a Navy aircraft carrier with the SpaceX Crew-1 crew and some of the Crew-1 team leads. We did a trap landing on the deck and were launched off to go home, both via a C-2 Greyhound aircraft. It was mind blowing! I am also very lucky that I saw the last space shuttle launch from Florida when I was in graduate school. 

Ten people, four wearing blue flight suit jackets, pose in front of a building labeled, "USS Nimitz CVN 68."
Megan Harvey and NASA colleagues on the Nimitz aircraft carrier.

What are some of the key projects you’ve worked on during your time at NASA? What have been your favorite?   

My first increment lead role was RIO for Increment 59 and there was a major effort to update all our products in case of needing to decrew the space station. It was eye-opening to work with the entire increment team in this effort. I really enjoyed all the work and learning and getting to know my fellow increment leads better, including Flight Director Royce Renfrew. 

Also, in 2021 I was assigned as the Integration Systems Engineer (ISE) lead for the Nanorack Airlock. I had never worked on a project with so many stakeholders before. I worked close to 100 revisions of the initial activation and checkout flowchart, coordinating with the entire flight control team. It was very cool to see the airlock extracted from NASA’s SpaceX Dragon trunk and installed, but it paled in comparison to the shift when we did the first airlock trash deploy. I supported as lead ISE, lead RIO, and capcom all from the capcom console, sitting next to the lead Flight Director TJ Creamer. I gave a countdown to the robotics operations systems officer commanding the deploy on the S/G loop so that the crew and flight control team could hear, “3, 2, 1, Engage!”  

I’ll never forget the satisfaction of working through all the complications with that stellar team and getting to a successful result while also having so much fun. 

A woman climbs up a wall at a bouldering gym.
Megan Harvey at a bouldering gym.

What are your hobbies/things you enjoy outside of work?  

I love biking, rock climbing, cooking, board games, and singing. 

Day launch or night launch?   

Night launch! 

Favorite space movie?  

Space Camp. It’s so silly. And it was the first DVD I ever bought! 

NASA “worm” or “meatball” logo?  

Worm 

NASA spelled out in red letters.

Every day, we’re conducting exciting research aboard our orbiting laboratory that will help us explore further into space and bring benefits back to people on Earth. You can keep up with the latest news, videos, and pictures about space station science on the Station Research & Technology news page. It’s a curated hub of space station research digital media from Johnson and other centers and space agencies.  

Sign up for our weekly email newsletter to get the updates delivered directly to you.  

Follow updates on social media at @ISS_Research on Twitter, and on the space station accounts on Facebook and Instagram.  

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Sumer Loggins

Exercise Research, Growing Space Crops, and Science Packing Fill Day

Exercise Research, Growing Space Crops, and Science Packing Fill Day

NASA astronaut and Expedition 73 Flight Engineer Anne McClain works inside the SpaxeX Dragon spacecraft loading and securing cargo for the return to Earth scheduled for May 22, 2025.
NASA astronaut Anne McClain works inside the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft loading and securing cargo for the return to Earth scheduled for Thursday, May 22, 2025.
NASA

Tuesday saw more space biology work aboard the International Space Station helping doctors learn how to protect health and preserve life in microgravity. The Expedition 73 residents also continued their cargo activities packing a U.S. and a Roscosmos cargo craft before their upcoming departures.

NASA Flight Engineer Nichole Ayers kicked off her shift wearing a sensor-filled vest and headband that measured her physical parameters as she pedaled on an exercise cycle. She was working out for the Cardiobreath human research study that is exploring how an astronaut’s cardiovascular and respiratory systems adapt to weightlessness. The vest and headband are part of the Bio-Monitor medical hardware system developed by the Canadian Space Agency to comfortably monitor crew health as astronauts go about their daily activities. At the end of her day, Ayers photographed genetically engineered, extremely dwarf tomato plants being grown to test their ability to grow without photosynthesis and in confined spaces potentially supporting crop production on spacecraft.

Ayers also joined NASA Flight Engineer Anne McClain and transferred frozen research samples into portable science freezers that will soon be packed inside the SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft. McCain also installed EXPRESS rack hardware that houses science experiments and more research samples inside Dragon. The U.S. cargo spacecraft is being readied to end its cargo mission and undock from the Harmony module’s space-facing port at 12:05 p.m. EDT on Thursday. Dragon will parachute back to Earth the following day and return the completed science experiments and space station hardware for retrieval and analysis.

Station Commander Takuya Onishi of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) started his day inside the Kibo laboratory module photographing microbe samples that decompose organic matter and packing them for stowage inside the homebound Dragon. Afterward, Onishi installed research hardware on a slide table and placed it inside Kibo’s airlock where it will soon be placed in the vacuum of space. Finally, the two-time station visitor collected space radiation-exposed biological samples for return and analysis back on Earth.

NASA Flight Engineer Jonny Kim joined his cosmonaut crewmates Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritskiy and conducted an emergency drill, locating medical hardware and practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the orbiting lab’s weightless environment. The trio launched to the orbital outpost aboard the Soyuz MS-27 crew ship on April 8 from Kazakhstan’s Baikonur Cosmodrome and docked to the Prichal module just over three hours later.

Kim earlier measured sound levels in the space station’s habitable segments then swapped neon gas bottles for argon gas bottles to support the Plasma Crystal-4 space physics study. Ryzhikov and Zubritskiy participated in a study exploring ways international crews and mission controllers can improve communications.

Ryzhikov also strapped on sensors at the beginning of his shift for a 24-hour session measuring his heart activity and blood pressure. Zubritskiy partnered with Roscosmos Flight Engineer Kirill Peskov and stowed cargo inside the Progress 90 resupply ship that has been docked to the Poisk module since Nov. 23. The Progress 90 is due to take out the trash end its seven-month mission in early July when it undocks from Poisk and reenters Earth’s atmosphere above the South Pacific Ocean for a fiery, but safe destruction.

Learn more about station activities by following the space station blog, @space_station and @ISS_Research on X, as well as the ISS Facebook and ISS Instagram accounts.

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Mark A. Garcia

Sols 4543-4545: Leaving the Ridge for the Ridges

Sols 4543-4545: Leaving the Ridge for the Ridges

5 min read

Sols 4543-4545: Leaving the Ridge for the Ridges

A grayscale photograph of Martian terrain in front of the Curiosity rover shows a ledge of flat, rough ground that appears to drop off just in front of the rover. Portions of the rover are visible at the bottom of the frame, including a wheel in the lower-right corner. An area of the ground ahead is smoother than the rest, looking like small, wavy sand dunes. Many of the small to medium sized rocks surrounding this patch have trails of sandy soil running off to their right, as if wind or water had flowed from left to right and sculpted these pointed tails of runoff.
NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity acquired this image, which shows parts of the linear feature in front of where the rover is parked, with lots of textures and structures that will be the topic of today’s investigation. Curiosity captured the image using its Left Navigation Camera on May 16, 2025 — Sol 4541, or Martian day 4,541 of the Mars Science Laboratory mission — at 00:50:45 UTC.
NASA/JPL-Caltech

Written by Susanne Schwenzer, Planetary Geologist at The Open University

Earth planning date: Friday, May 16, 2025

As Curiosity progresses up Mount Sharp, it crosses different terrains, which the team has mapped from orbit. If you want to follow the path and see for yourself, you can have a look on the “Where is Curiosity?” map, an interactive tool that allows you to see all the stops the rover has made. If you look very closely, you can see that the stop on sol 4532 is on an area that has a very textured and red expression on this map, and the next stop on sol 4534 is in an area that appears more gray, while the stop after that (sol 4537) is on redder material again, but that looks much less textured. The next two stops, including today’s parking position, are both very close to a north-south running linear feature. Just looking at the locations of those different stops, and what you can see on this interactive tool, gives you the full story of the latest planning days.

We were driving through the rough-looking terrain for quite a while now. So when that change came closer and closer the team started to make plans for how to investigate it. Of course we added the ground-based images to the picture as we edged closer with every drive. Last week, we could finally start to put the plans in place, when we stood at the edge of the changes in the landscape on sol 4532. As you can see from the interactive map, the drives got a bit shorter to make sure we stop at an example of every new feature. So we stopped in the grayish-looking area on sol 4534, then in the middle of the reddish-looking area on sol 4537, and then arrived at the linear feature. 

Unfortunately, Mars didn’t read the script and placed a pesky pebble under one of our wheels (see the blog post “Sols 4541–4542: Boxwork Structure, or Just ‘Box-Like’ Structure?”). Whenever the rover isn’t on firm ground, we cannot take the arm out. So the engineers used the drive in the last plan to pull the rover back by less than a wheel’s turn; we are now parked on solid ground at the linear feature, and we can do arm activities! That always makes the planning team cheer.

Being on stable ground gave us many opportunities for contact science. After careful discussions of what is in front of us, we decided on target “Arroyo Seco,” where it is possible to apply the brush – DRT as we say – and do an APXS measurement on the brushed material. APXS will then measure the edge of that big feature, where the rocks are a little more resistant to weathering — at least that’s what the fact that they are sticking out might suggest. That is the target “Mesa Grande.” Near Mesa Grande is target “Paso Picacho,” which is on the same part of the ridge as the second APXS target. In addition, ChemCam investigates the ridge feature at target “Pauma Valley.”

On a weekend there is always a little more time, and Curiosity will make the most of it! In addition to the two APXS and ChemCam LIBS targets, ChemCam will also get a passive spectral investigation on the target “San Ysidro” to investigate the texture we are seeing hints of in the Mastcam image. Talking about Mastcam… There are many interesting features in the vicinity that will add to our investigation of this new expression of the landscape. Thus, Mastcam has more than 50 frames in the plan to image the ridges, fractures, and textures around the rover. Most of the targets have descriptive names today, such as “Fractures,” but there are two names (all from the area in California where JPL is, too!): “Dos Palmas Oasis” is looking at brighter stones in the midfield, and “Sespe Gorge” takes a look at the big, rubbly looking rock right in front of the rover. Of course Mastcam will document the LIBS investigations, too, which includes the AEGIS location from the last plan.

The atmospheres and environment investigations are looking at the occurrence of clouds, dust devils and opacity, and we are looking at the surface with the DAN instrument. While you might think, “as always,” it’s important to get a consistent record to understand the patterns, but also to understand when a deviation from them occurs. Thus, I don’t want to forget them here just because we are all so excited about the new expression of the landscape.

With all those investigations in the (electronic) bags, it’s time to get back on the road. The next drive is about 20 meters (about 66 feet) and navigates around the ridge in front of us, which at this point has turned from a science target into an obstacle to getting back on the road. After safely maneuvering around it, the next drive will take us closer to the next ridges, and there are many more to come in the distance. They might even get bigger and more beautiful; who knows?! It’s exploration, after all — going places that no rover has gone before. 

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May 20, 2025

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