NASA Selects Finalist Teams for Student Human Lander Challenge

NASA Selects Finalist Teams for Student Human Lander Challenge

Human Lander Challenge (HuLC) banner.

NASA has selected 12 student teams to develop solutions for storing and transferring the super-cold liquid propellants needed for future long-term exploration beyond Earth orbit.

The agency’s 2025 Human Lander Challenge is designed to inspire and engage the next generation of engineers and scientists as NASA and its partners prepare to send astronauts to the Moon through the Artemis campaign in preparation for future missions to Mars. The commercial human landing systems will serve as the primary mode of transportation that will safely take astronauts and, later, large cargo from lunar orbit to the surface of the Moon and back.

For its second year, the competition invites university students and their faculty advisors to develop innovative, “cooler” solutions for in-space cryogenic, or super cold, liquid propellant storage and transfer systems. These cryogenic fluids, like liquid hydrogen or liquid oxygen, must stay extremely cold to remain in a liquid state, and the ability to effectively store and transfer them in space will be increasingly vital for future long-duration missions. Current technology allows cryogenic liquids to be stored for a relatively short amount of time, but future missions will require these systems to function effectively over several hours, weeks, and even months.

The 12 selected finalists have been awarded a $9,250 development stipend to further develop their concepts in preparation for the next stage of the competition.

The 2025 Human Lander Challenge finalist teams are:

  • California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, “THERMOSPRING: Thermal Exchange Reduction Mechanism using Optimized SPRING”
  • Colorado School of Mines, “MAST: Modular Adaptive Support Technology”
  • Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, “Electrical Capacitance to High-resolution Observation (ECHO)”
  • Jacksonville University, “Cryogenic Complex: Cryogenic Tanks and Storage Systems – on the Moon and Cislunar Orbit”
  • Jacksonville University, “Cryogenic Fuel Storage and Transfer: The Human Interface – Monitoring and Mitigating Risks”
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “THERMOS: Translunar Heat Rejection and Mixing for Orbital Sustainability”
  • Old Dominion University, “Structural Tensegrity for Optimized Retention in Microgravity (STORM)”
  • Texas A&M University, “Next-generation Cryogenic Transfer and Autonomous Refueling (NeCTAR)”
  • The College of New Jersey, “Cryogenic Orbital Siphoning System (CROSS)”
  • The Ohio State University, “Autonomous Magnetized Cryo-Couplers with Active Alignment Control for Propellant Transfer (AMCC-AAC)
  • University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, “Efficient Cryogenic Low Invasive Propellant Supply Exchange (ECLIPSE)”
  • Washington State University, “CRYPRESS Coupler for Liquid Hydrogen Transfer”

Finalist teams will now work to submit a technical paper further detailing their concepts. They will present their work to a panel of NASA and industry judges at the 2025 Human Lander Competition Forum in Huntsville, Alabama, near NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, in June 2025. The top three placing teams will share a total prize purse of $18,000.

“By engaging college students in solving critical challenges in cryogenic fluid technologies and systems-level solutions, NASA fosters a collaborative environment where academic research meets practical application,” said Tiffany Russell Lockett, office manager for the Human Landing System Mission Systems Management Office at NASA Marshall. “This partnership not only accelerates cryogenics technology development but also prepares the Artemis Generation – the next generation of engineers and scientists – to drive future breakthroughs in spaceflight.”

NASA’s Human Lander Challenge is sponsored by the agency’s Human Landing System Program within the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate and managed by the National Institute of Aerospace.

For more information on NASA’s 2025 Human Lander Challenge, including team progress, visit the challenge website.

News Media Contact

Corinne Beckinger 
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. 
256.544.0034  
corinne.m.beckinger@nasa.gov 

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Lee Mohon

Week Ends With Robotics, Exercise Research; New Crew Launches Tuesday

Week Ends With Robotics, Exercise Research; New Crew Launches Tuesday

NASA astronaut and Expedition 72 Flight Engineer Anne McClain is pictured in the Destiny laboratory module wearing an experimental wearable dosimeter that measures radiation dosages crews are exposed to in real time aboard the International Space Station.
Astronaut Anne McClain is pictured in the Destiny laboratory module wearing an experimental wearable dosimeter that measures radiation dosages crews are exposed to in real time aboard the International Space Station.
NASA

Robotics and exercise research wrapped up the week for the Expedition 72 crew aboard the International Space Station. The orbital residents also tested a thigh cuff that may reverse space-caused fluid shifts in astronauts and explored ways to prevent microbes from spreading on spacecraft.

Removing space debris and servicing satellites in orbit are key objectives to promote the commercialization of space. NASA is studying using robots as a way to perform these important tasks and protect space-based infrastructure. Flight Engineers Don Pettit of NASA and Takuya Onishi of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) joined each other on Friday testing an Astrobee robotic free-flyer outfitted with tentacle-like grippers. They monitored the cube shaped Astrobee as it autonomously detected and maneuvered toward a “capture cube.” The grippers, with gecko-like adhesive pads, then extended toward the test object and grappled it. Engineers are demonstrating the robotic technology’s capability to capture objects made of different materials and textures.

Without Earth’s gravity impacting the human body, muscles and bones begin to atrophy since astronauts aren’t attached to the ground and spend less energy moving around a spacecraft. To offset those space-caused symptoms, as well as condition the cardiopulmonary system, crews exercise two hours a day every day on a variety of machines. Scientists monitor those workouts to understand how the body adapts to physical activity in microgravity and ensure crews stay healthy during long duration missions. NASA Flight Engineer Nichole Ayers pedaled on an exercise cycle while attached to sensors and breathing gear measuring how her heart and lungs respond to working out in weightlessness. Doctors will use the data to learn how space affects aerobic capacity, improve space workouts, and prepare astronauts for strenuous tasks such as spacewalks.

Ayers also joined Onishi as he wore a specialized thigh cuff that may change how fluids flow in a crew member’s body preventing head and eye pressure during spaceflight. Onishi wore electrodes on his chest while Ayers scanned his legs with the Ultrasound 2 device measuring his blood flow to determine the effectiveness of the thigh cuffs. At the end of the experiment, Onishi discussed the comfort, fit, and usability of the biomedical gear with a researcher on the ground.

Ayers and Pettit also took turns with NASA Flight Engineer Anne McClain and worked on spacesuit maintenance in the Quest airlock. The trio checked for suit oxygen leaks, replaced electronics components, and serviced life support gear. At the beginning of McClain’s day, she swabbed her body collecting biological samples and placed them in a science freezer for preservation and later analysis.

Roscosmos Flight Engineer Ivan Vagner collected samples of microbes growing inside the station to understand how they survive in space and learn how to keep the spacecraft environment biologically safe. Flight Engineer Kirill Peskov measured the amount of carbon dioxide in the station’s atmosphere then inspected and cleaned Roscosmos networking equipment. Station Commander Alexey Ovchinin continued readying the Soyuz MS-26 crew ship and its cargo for the return to Earth on April 19 with him, Vagner, and Pettit.

NASA astronaut Jonny Kim and Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexander Zubritsky are counting down to their launch aboard the Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft at 1:47 a.m. on April 8 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to the orbital outpost. They will orbit Earth for just over three hours before docking to the Prichal docking module, joining the Expedition 72 crew, and beginning an eight-month research mission.

Learn more about station activities by following the space station blog, @space_station and @ISS_Research on X, as well as the ISS Facebook and ISS Instagram accounts.

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Mark A. Garcia

NASA Welcomes Gateway Lunar Space Station’s HALO Module to US

NASA Welcomes Gateway Lunar Space Station’s HALO Module to US

2 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

A large cargo aircraft with its nose lifted open reveals a wrapped container being offloaded. The container is marked with the logo for NASA's Artemis campaign and labeled as the HALO transport and storage container. The scene is set at an airport during late afternoon.
Gateway’s HALO (Habitation and Logistics Outpost) arrives in Mesa, Arizona, after traveling from Italy, where Thales Alenia Space fabricated its primary structure. Delivered by cargo aircraft to Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, HALO will be transported to Northrop Grumman’s facility in Gilbert for final outfitting.
Josh Valcarcel

A core component of Gateway, humanity’s first space station around the Moon, is now on American soil and one step closer to launch. In lunar orbit, Gateway will support NASA’s Artemis campaign to return humans to the Moon and chart a path of scientific discovery toward the first crewed missions to Mars.

Gateway’s first pressurized module and one of its two foundational elements, HALO (Habitation and Logistics Outpost), arrived in Arizona on April 1. Fresh off a transatlantic journey from Thales Alenia Space in Turin, Italy, the structure will undergo final outfitting at Northrop Grumman’s integration and test facility in Gilbert before being integrated with Gateway’s Power and Propulsion Element at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The pair of modules will launch together on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket.

A ground crew member with arms raised and holding orange marshalling wands guides a large cargo aircraft as it taxis on the runway. The aircraft faces the camera head-on under a cloudy sky.
Gateway’s HALO (Habitation and Logistics Outpost) arrives in Mesa, Arizona, after traveling from Italy, where Thales Alenia Space fabricated its primary structure. Delivered by cargo aircraft to Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, HALO will be transported to Northrop Grumman’s facility in Gilbert for final outfitting.
NASA/Josh Valcarcel

Gateway’s HALO will provide Artemis astronauts with space to live, work, conduct scientific research, and prepare for missions to the lunar surface. It will offer command and control, data handling, energy storage, electrical power distribution, thermal regulation, and communications and tracking via Lunar Link, a high-rate lunar communication system provided by ESA (European Space Agency). The module will include docking ports for visiting vehicles such as NASA’s Orion spacecraft, lunar landers, and logistics modules. It will also support both internal and external science payloads, enabling research and technology demonstrations in the harsh deep space environment.

Built with industry and international partners, Gateway will support sustained exploration of the Moon, serve as a platform for science and international collaboration, and act as a proving ground for the technologies and systems needed for future human missions to Mars.

A large cargo aircraft with its nose lifted open reveals HALO's wrapped container. The container is marked with the logo for NASA's Artemis campaign. The scene is set at an airport during late afternoon.
Gateway’s HALO (Habitation and Logistics Outpost) arrives in Mesa, Arizona, after traveling from Italy, where Thales Alenia Space fabricated its primary structure. Delivered by cargo aircraft to Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, HALO will be transported to Northrop Grumman’s facility in Gilbert for final outfitting.
NASA/Josh Valcarcel
The HALO transport container is seen in a cargo aircraft. The white container features the the Artemis logo. The scene takes place on an airport tarmac.
Gateway’s HALO (Habitation and Logistics Outpost) arrives in Mesa, Arizona, after traveling from Italy, where Thales Alenia Space fabricated its primary structure. Delivered by cargo aircraft to Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, HALO will be transported to Northrop Grumman’s facility in Gilbert for final outfitting.
NASA/Josh Valcarcel

Download additional high-resolution images of HALO here.

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Briana R. Zamora

Hubble Studies a Nearby Galaxy’s Star Formation

Hubble Studies a Nearby Galaxy’s Star Formation

2 min read

Hubble Studies a Nearby Galaxy’s Star Formation

A spiral galaxy stretches diagonally across the image, from upper-left to lower-right. At its center is a bright-white, glowing orb surrounded by an inner disk of golden light that is wrapped by a broad outer disk that glows more dimly. The disk holds patchy, broken spiral arms swirling around the galaxy’s core and filled with small blue and pink star clusters. Dark, reddish threads of dust also spiral through the disk, with some strands reaching into the core.
This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features the picturesque spiral galaxy NGC 4941.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, D. Thilker

This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features the picturesque spiral galaxy NGC 4941, which lies about 67 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Virgo (The Maiden). Because this galaxy is nearby, cosmically speaking, Hubble’s keen instruments are able to pick out exquisite details such as individual star clusters and filamentary clouds of gas and dust.

The data used to construct this image were collected as part of an observing program that investigates the star formation and stellar feedback cycle in nearby galaxies. As stars form in dense, cold clumps of gas, they begin to influence their surroundings. Stars heat and stir up the gas clouds in which they form through winds, starlight, and — eventually, for massive stars — by exploding as supernovae. These processes are collectively called stellar feedback, and they influence the rate at which a galaxy can form new stars.

As it turns out, stars aren’t the only entities providing feedback in NGC 4941. At the heart of this galaxy lies an active galactic nucleus: a supermassive black hole feasting on gas. As the black hole amasses gas from its surroundings, the gas swirls into a superheated disk that glows brightly at wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum. Similar to stars — but on a much, much larger scale — active galactic nuclei shape their surroundings through winds, radiation, and powerful jets, altering not only star formation but also the evolution of the galaxy as a whole.

Media Contact:

Claire Andreoli (claire.andreoli@nasa.gov)
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbelt, MD

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Hubble Spots Stellar Sculptors in Nearby Galaxy

Hubble Spots Stellar Sculptors in Nearby Galaxy

3 Min Read

Hubble Spots Stellar Sculptors in Nearby Galaxy

A star cluster within a nebula. Thin, pale-blue wisps of clouds fill the background while denser areas of pinkish clouds appear superimposed upon them. The star cluster holds bright-blue stars that illuminate the nebula. Large arcs of dense, reddish-brown dust pressed together by the stars’ radiation, curve around, in front of, and behind the clustered stars. Many orange stars are visible in the background behind the clouds of the nebula.

This dazzling NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features the young star cluster NGC 346.

Credits:
ESA/Hubble & NASA, A. Nota, P. Massey, E. Sabbi, C. Murray, M. Zamani (ESA/Hubble)

As part of ESA/Hubble’s 35th anniversary celebrations, the European Space Agency (ESA) is sharing a new image series revisiting stunning, previously released Hubble targets with the addition of the latest Hubble data and new processing techniques.

This new image showcases the dazzling young star cluster NGC 346. Although both the James Webb Space Telescope and Hubble have released images of NGC 346 previously, this image includes new data and is the first to combine Hubble observations made at infrared, optical, and ultraviolet wavelengths into an intricately detailed view of this vibrant star-forming factory.

A star cluster within a nebula. Thin, pale-blue wisps of clouds fill the background while denser areas of pinkish clouds appear superimposed upon them. The star cluster holds bright-blue stars that illuminate the nebula. Large arcs of dense, reddish-brown dust pressed together by the stars’ radiation, curve around, in front of, and behind the clustered stars. Many orange stars are visible in the background behind the clouds of the nebula.
This dazzling NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features the young star cluster NGC 346.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, A. Nota, P. Massey, E. Sabbi, C. Murray, M. Zamani (ESA/Hubble)

NGC 346 is in the Small Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way that lies 200,000 light-years away in the constellation Tucana. The Small Magellanic Cloud is less rich in elements heavier than helium — what astronomers call metals — than the Milky Way. This makes conditions in the galaxy similar to what existed in the early universe.

NGC 346 is home to more than 2,500 newborn stars. The cluster’s most massive stars, which are many times more massive than our Sun, blaze with an intense blue light in this image. The glowing pink nebula and snakelike dark clouds are sculpted by the luminous stars in the cluster.

Hubble’s exquisite sensitivity and resolution were instrumental in uncovering the secrets of NGC 346’s star formation. Using two sets of observations taken 11 years apart, researchers traced the motions of NGC 346’s stars, revealing them to be spiraling in toward the center of the cluster. This spiraling motion arises from a stream of gas from outside of the cluster that fuels star formation in the center of the turbulent cloud.

The inhabitants of this cluster are stellar sculptors, carving out a bubble within the nebula. NGC 346’s hot, massive stars produce intense radiation and fierce stellar winds that pummel the billowing gas of their birthplace, dispersing the surrounding nebula.

The nebula, named N66, is the brightest example of an H II (pronounced ‘H-two’) region in the Small Magellanic Cloud. H II regions are set aglow by ultraviolet light from hot, young stars like those in NGC 346. The presence of this nebula indicates the young age of the star cluster, as an H II region shines only as long as the stars that power it — a mere few million years for the massive stars pictured here.

The Hubble Space Telescope has been operating for over three decades and continues to make ground-breaking discoveries that shape our fundamental understanding of the universe. Hubble is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA (European Space Agency). NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope and mission operations. Lockheed Martin Space, based in Denver, also supports mission operations at Goddard. The Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, conducts Hubble science operations for NASA.

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Last Updated

Apr 04, 2025

Editor
Andrea Gianopoulos
Contact

Media

Claire Andreoli
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland
claire.andreoli@nasa.gov

Bethany Downer
ESA/Hubble Chief Science Communications Officer
bethany.downer@esahubble.org

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