Advancing Elastocaloric Refrigeration through Co-design of Materials and Systems

Advancing Elastocaloric Refrigeration through Co-design of Materials and Systems

1 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

Patrick Shamberger
Texas A&M University

Elastocaloric materials heat up or cool down when stress is applied to them or removed. The objective of this grant is to develop improved elastocaloric effect materials that are capable of performing more cooling work per cycle, more efficiently converting mechanical work to cooling work with minimal dissipation, and cycling at a faster rate. Professor Shamberger will use machine learning methods to design new elastocaloric materials, produce them, and characterize their performance. The group will then design and develop a full elastocaloric refrigerator architecture using their new materials to validate system level performance.

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Loura Hall

Physics-based Modeling and Tool Development for the Characterization and Uncertainty Quantification of Crater Formation and Ejecta Dynamics due to Plume-surface Interaction

Physics-based Modeling and Tool Development for the Characterization and Uncertainty Quantification of Crater Formation and Ejecta Dynamics due to Plume-surface Interaction

1 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

David Scarborough
Auburn University

Professor Scarborough will develop and implement tools to extract critical data from experimental measurements of plume surface interaction (PSI) to identify and classify dominant regimes, develop physics-based, semi-empirical models to predict the PSI phenomena, and quantify the uncertainties. The team will adapt and apply state-of-the-art image processing techniques such as edge detection, 3D-stereo reconstruction to extract the cratering dynamics, and particle tracking velocimetry to extract ejecta dynamics and use supervised Machine Learning algorithms to identify patterns. The models developed will establish a relationship between crater geometry and ejecta dynamics, including quantified uncertainties.

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Loura Hall

Integrating Data-Driven and Physics-Based Models for Plume-Surface Interaction Predictions

Integrating Data-Driven and Physics-Based Models for Plume-Surface Interaction Predictions

1 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

Laura Villafane
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Rocket engine exhaust during lunar landings can blow away a large amount of lunar regolith causing damage to nearby hardware and the landing spacecraft itself. The complex physics governing this behavior is not well understood making it hard to predict and mitigate its effects. Professor Villafane’s team will use a multi-stage approach to address this issue, in which advanced image and data processing tools, statistical models, and modern machine learning algorithms are combined. The team will extract the most relevant quantities of interest for cratering, erosion, and ejecta from the large volume of parametric experimental data, and to use them to derive simple closed-form models of rocket plume – surface interaction phenomena.

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Loura Hall

Advice from NASA Mentors to Students Starting Their Careers

Advice from NASA Mentors to Students Starting Their Careers

4 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

Advice from NASA Mentors. A group of seven interns posing in a NASA tv studio.
GSFC summer interns

NASA is celebrating National Mentoring Month by recognizing the importance of mentors to students and young professionals whose careers are beginning to take off. Mentors help their mentees gain real-world experiences, make valuable connections, and find the types of roles best suited to their strengths and skills.

To learn more about early career takeaways, we spoke to three NASA mentors: Renita Fincke, NASA biomedical research projects engineer at Johnson Space Center in Houston; Wade Sisler, executive producer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Kyle Ellis, a project manager in the Aeronautics Research Directorate at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.

Below, they share their advice for students and graduates entering the workforce and expand on how to make the most of a mentor/mentee relationship – whether here at NASA or in any other organization.

Renita Fincke, , NASA biomedical research projects engineer at Johnson Space Center , stands in front of a space engineering display.
Renita Fincke, NASA biomedical research projects engineer at Johnson Space Center in Houston.

Work hard and carry yourself professionally.

If you fully commit to excelling in your role, you’ll be better prepared to take advantage of unexpected opportunities or adjust to changing circumstances.

“Give it your all,” Fincke said. “In my journey, I’ve discovered that boosting your career involves a relentless pursuit of knowledge, adapting to changes, and being ready to try for exciting opportunities when the timing is just right.”

While you’re putting in a lot of effort toward your high-level goals, don’t lose sight of seemingly small details.

“Lean in, be punctual, be present, communicate like a pro, and get your work in on time,” Sisler said. “Your mentor will notice. Your entire office will notice.”

Be your own advocate.

Concentrate on how you communicate. Telling your story in a way that resonates with your audience enables them to understand and see the value in your work.

“Learn to identify who your stakeholders are and answer the question, ‘Why should they care?’” Ellis said. “Being able to tell a clear, succinct story about what you do and why is the key to improving countless things: interest, support, awareness, etc. Don’t take the power of communication for granted.”

Wade Sisler, executive producer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, stands in front of a NASA sign
Wade Sisler, executive producer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

Be resilient.

Challenges and failures are inevitable, so don’t give up!

“The path to success is rarely linear, and the ability to adapt is a strength,” Fincke said. “Embrace the mindset that errors are opportunities for learning, growth, and necessary pivots, so do not fear failure; let it be a catalyst for resilience.”

Ellis recalled that as a student, he spent a lot of time unnecessarily fearing what others would think if he tried something new without knowing for sure he’d get it right. “What I learned is that failure is common when you’re exploring possibilities,” Ellis said. “And it often teaches us more in a shorter period than the success we experience.

Kyle Ellis, project manager in the Aeronautics Research Directorate at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, gives the thumbs up next to a man in an astronaut training suit
Kyle Ellis, a project manager in the Aeronautics Research Directorate at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.

Network and ask questions.

Work with a mentor to outline your tasks and goals, and don’t be self-conscious about discussing your most ambitious longer-term career objectives.

“The most successful interns in our office are often the most inquisitive ones,” Sisler said. “Find out what the people in your office do and how they fit into the organization. Tell as many people as you can your story, ask how they came to NASA, and ask them for their insights and advice.”

Ellis emphasized that NASA is filled with experts who are happy to share their wisdom with students and young professionals.

“If they sense the spark in you, they’ll most certainly help you along your career and connect you with more like-minded people who are solving some of the most important problems in and out of this world,” Ellis said.

The support and guidance of an encouraging mentor can make a tremendous difference in a student’s career growth and personal development – and it’s a rewarding experience for mentors, too.

“Pick up a mentee in your first or second year in a new role,” Ellis said. “It’s amazing what you learn from someone who is learning from you.”

Want an opportunity to work with one of NASA’s amazing mentors? Apply for a NASA internship here.

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Jan 10, 2024

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Kaitlyn Adams

NASA Funds Laser Communications Tech with Small Business

NASA Funds Laser Communications Tech with Small Business

3 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

An artist’s illustration of NASA’s Orion spacecraft, a silver and white spaceship with four solar panels, flying through space. A glowing red beam of light, representing laser communications, is seen projecting from the body of the spacecraft and travels off screen. The shadowed crater-filled surface of the Moon is shown behind the spacecraft. A dark grey space scene covered with subtle stars fills the background.
Artist’s rendering of the Optical Communications System bringing laser communications capabilities to the Moon aboard NASA’s Orion spacecraft during Artemis II.
Credit: NASA

NASA is working with private industry partners and small businesses under Artemis to produce scalable, affordable, and advanced laser communications systems that could enable greater exploration and discovery beyond Earth for the benefit of all.

Laser, or optical, communications provide missions with increased data rates – meaning that missions using laser technology can send and receive more information in a single transmission compared with those using traditional radio waves. When a spacecraft uses laser communications to send information, infrared light packs the data into tighter waves so ground stations on Earth can receive more data at once. Laser communications systems can provide 10 to 100 times higher data rates than the radio systems used by space missions today.

As science instruments evolve to capture high-definition data, missions will need expedited ways to transmit information to Earth. It would take roughly nine weeks to transmit a complete map of Mars back to Earth with current radio frequency systems. With lasers, it would only take about nine days.

Advancing Laser Technologies

Through a small business collaboration, NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program funded the successful development of a new piece of laser technology. Developed by Fibertek Inc., the Basestation Optical Laser Terminal is a four-channel laser unit that could enable the transmission of high-power communications to the Moon during the Artemis II flight test. Artemis II will send a crew of four astronauts on a journey around the Moon and bring them back safely, paving the way for future long-term human exploration missions to the lunar surface, and eventually Mars.

Known as the Orion Artemis II Optical Communications System, the Artemis II demonstration will use laser communications to transmit high-resolution images and video of the lunar region to two ground stations. One of the two ground stations, located at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, is the Low-Cost Optical Terminal.

An artist’s illustration of NASA’s Orion spacecraft, a silver and white spaceship with four solar panels, flying through space. A glowing red beam of light, representing laser communications, is seen projecting from the body of the spacecraft and travels off screen. The shadowed crater-filled surface of the Moon is shown behind the spacecraft. A dark grey space scene covered with subtle stars fills the background.
The Low-Cost Optical Terminal at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, uses commercial off-the-shelf or slightly modified hardware to reduce the expense of implementing laser communications technology.
Credit: NASA

In September 2023, Fibertek’s technology was integrated into NASA’s low-cost terminal ground station and successfully tested. NASA’s Low-Cost Optical Terminal is a telescope around 27 inches in diameter that is made of mostly commercial off-the-shelf parts. Using commercial components is more cost-effective than developing custom hardware and can also make an architecture scalable for replication. The Low-Cost Optical Terminal will serve as a template for future ground stations.

“Laser communications, focusing on direct-to-Earth links, is a maturing technology that is essential for NASA to meet its future communications capacity and navigation needs. As we mature any technology, establishing and supporting a healthy domestic supply chain is vital,” said Dr. Jason Mitchell, director of SCaN’s Advanced Communications and Navigation Technologies Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “American small businesses play a key role in that chain, and our engagement with Fibertek Inc. is an example of this process.”

NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland and NASA’s Small Business Innovation Research Program funded the development of the Basestation Optical Laser Terminal. Through America’s Seed Fund, NASA provides small businesses with early-stage federal funding for innovative technologies to advance agency missions.

“NASA’s investment in the development of this technology is a win-win-win for the agency and Fibertek, as well as any other future system integrators or developers that want to use laser communications technology,” said Nang Pham, SCaN small business project manager at NASA Glenn.

As NASA prepares to send human’s back to the Moon for the first time in 50 years, new laser technologies will enable more efficient laser communications systems, expanding humanity’s knowledge of our Moon and what lies beyond.

For more information on laser communications technology, visit: https://www.nasa.gov/communicating-with-missions/lasercomms/

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Kelly M. Matter