Week Ends with Vein Scans, Brain Research, and 3D Microscope Test

Week Ends with Vein Scans, Brain Research, and 3D Microscope Test

The International Space Station was soaring 259 miles above central Mexico with a faint atmospheric glow crowning Earth's horizon at approximately 2:58 a.m. local time when this photograph was taken. The city lights of Mexico City, the nation's capital and largest city with a population of 9.21 million, and its surrounding suburbs dominate the nightscape.
The International Space Station soars above central Mexico with a faint atmospheric glow crowning Earth’s horizon. The city lights of Mexico City, the nation’s capital and largest city with a population of 9.21 million, and its surrounding suburbs dominate the nightscape.
NASA

Vein scans and hearing checks were the main human research activities aboard the International Space Station on Friday ensuring the Expedition 73 crew remains healthy. The orbital residents also tested a 3D microscope and kept up the maintenance of the orbital outpost at the end of the week.

NASA Flight Engineer Jonny Kim activated the Ultrasound 2 device inside the Columbus laboratory module and scanned the neck, shoulder, and leg veins of Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritskiy. Afterward, station Commander Takuya Onishi of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) took control of the biomedical activities and scanned the veins of Kim. Doctors on the ground monitored the downlinked ultrasound imagery in real time gaining insight into the condition of the crew’s cardiovascular system in microgravity.

Kim also took turns with Ryzhikov and Zubritskiy and participated in a computerized hearing exam with remote support from doctors on the ground. Space station systems run continuously at different volumes and researchers are studying how the orbiting lab’s acoustic environment affects a crew member’s hearing.

NASA Flight Engineer Nichole Ayers worked on a pair of different studies on Friday, first looking at how blood flows from the brain to the heart then demonstrating the operation of an advanced biology microscope. Ayers began the day attaching sensors to her neck and chest measuring the volume of blood flowing back and forth. Scientists are using the data to test a tool that can check an astronaut’s cardiovascular health in different gravity environments. Next, Ayers treated samples of deep-sea bacteria that will be viewed inside a holographic, fluorescence imaging microscope. Known as the Extant Life Volumetric Imaging System, or ELVIS, the specialized 3D imaging device could be used to monitor water quality, detect potentially infectious organisms, and study liquid mixtures and microorganisms in space and on Earth.

NASA Flight Engineer Anne McClain spent her day on lab maintenance. She began her shift monitoring the airflow between the modules of the station’s U.S. segment ensuring the operability of the ventilation system. Next, she verified the functionality of computer tablets that will be used once the private crew of Axiom Mission-4 arrives at the station in June. At the end of her shift, McClain downloaded data collected from wearable radiation detectors, documented her meals for the day, and swapped drying agents inside a science freezer.

Before his vein scans, Ryzhikov, a three-time station resident, tested communication systems in the Zvezda service module then charged Soyuz spacecraft phone batteries. Zubritskiy inspected the Zarya module’s power supply system with an infrared camera as part of troubleshooting procedures. Roscosmos Flight Engineer Kirill Peskov turned off ultraviolet atmospheric observation gear after an overnight imaging session then inventoried medical hardware in the station’s Roscosmos segment.

Learn more about station activities by following the space station blog, @space_station and @ISS_Research on X, as well as the ISS Facebook and ISS Instagram accounts.

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Mark A. Garcia

Sols 4554–4555: Let’s Try That One Again…

Sols 4554–4555: Let’s Try That One Again…

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Sols 4554–4555: Let’s Try That One Again…

A grayscale wide-angle view of the Martian surface (creating an exaggerated, curved horizon) shows very rough terrain in front of the Curiosity rover. Light gray, gravel-covered rocks extend to the horizon, separated by gouges in some areas. Reaching down from the top of the frame is Curiosity’s robotic arm, with the turret at its end holding science instruments reaching toward the ground. The rover’s shadow, including its body and robotic arm, darkens the bottom third of the image.
NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity acquired this image using its Front Hazard Avoidance Camera (Front Hazcam) on May 28, 2025 — Sol 4553, or Martian day 4,553 of the Mars Science Laboratory mission — at 04:48:55 UTC.
NASA/JPL-Caltech

Written by Abigail Fraeman, Planetary Geologist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Earth planning date: Wednesday, May 28, 2025

We came in early this morning and learned that part of Tuesday’s plan didn’t execute on Mars due to a temporary issue with the arm. We collected APXS data on the target “Palo Verde Mountains,” but were not able to take the corresponding MAHLI images or drive away. So it was a straightforward decision for the planning team today to pick up where we left off yesterday, giving ourselves a second chance to collect the MAHLI observation and then complete the same 29.5-meter drive to the west (about 97 feet) that we had planned on Tuesday.

 We love making lemonade from lemons when things don’t go exactly as expected in rover tactical planning, and today was no exception. Since we’re sticking around for a little bit longer, the science team decided to collect additional mosaics of impressive nearby features, including a 15×2 Mastcam mosaic of the “Mishe Mokwa” hill and an 11×2 Mastcam mosaic of fractures near “Lake Cachuma.” We’re also having another go at taking the epically long, long-distance RMI mosaic of a crater 91 kilometers away from Curiosity (almost 57 miles) that we planned yesterday, and we’re playing around with the focus settings to see if we can get a sharper image. 

The team also had time for a second RMI mosaic of our very well-imaged “Texoli” butte, and a ChemCam LIBS observation on a target named “Santa Monica Bay,” which is just above the “Sisquoc River” target we observed yesterday on the bumpy rock in our workspace. As usual, we will also continue to monitor the environment around us with REMS, RAD, Navcam, and Mastcam observations.

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Last Updated
May 30, 2025

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NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 Launch Fifth Anniversary

NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 Launch Fifth Anniversary

President Donald Trump walks onstage. Behind him is a white SpaceX Dragon crew spacecraft. It has a large rectangular window with two round windows on either side. The SpaceX, Dragon, and NASA logos can be seen on the spacecraft. In the background, the bottom of the United States flag (red and white stripes) are just visible at top, while the majority of the backdrop has small white lights, and another NASA "meatball" logo.
NASA/Bill Ingalls

President Donald Trump walks onstage to speak to a crowd at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, following the launch of NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission on May 30, 2020. The mission was the first crewed launch of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. This marked the first time American astronauts launched on an American rocket from American soil to low-Earth orbit since the conclusion of the Space Shuttle Program in 2011.

Image credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

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Monika Luabeya

Hubble Spies Paired Pinwheel on Its Own

Hubble Spies Paired Pinwheel on Its Own

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Hubble Spies Paired Pinwheel on Its Own

A spiral galaxy seen face-on. Across its center, a broad bar of blazing stars shines. A glowing spiral arm extends from each end of this bar, both making almost a full turn through the galaxy’s disk before fading out. The arms contain sparkling blue stars, pink spots of star formation, and dark threads of dust that follow both spiral arms into and across the central bar. A foreground star sits atop the galaxy.
This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image features the beautiful barred spiral galaxy NGC 3507
ESA/Hubble & NASA, D. Thilker

A single member of a galaxy pair takes centerstage in this NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image. This beautiful spiral galaxy is NGC 3507, which is situated about 46 million light-years away in the constellation Leo (the Lion). NGC 3507’s classification is a barred spiral because the galaxy’s sweeping spiral arms emerge from the ends of a central bar of stars rather than the central core of the galaxy.

Though pictured solo here, NGC 3507 actually travels the universe with a galactic partner named NGC 3501 that is located outside the frame. While NGC 3507 is a quintessential galactic pinwheel, its partner resembles a streak of quicksilver across the sky. Despite looking completely different, both are spiral galaxies, simply seen from different angles.

For galaxies that are just a few tens of millions of light-years away, like NGC 3507 and NGC 3501, features like spiral arms, dusty gas clouds, and brilliant star clusters are on full display. More distant galaxies appear less detailed. See if you can spot any faraway galaxies in this image: they tend to be orange or yellow and can be anywhere from circular and starlike to narrow and elongated, with hints of spiral arms. Astronomers use instruments called spectrometers to split the light from these distant galaxies to study the nature of these objects in the early universe.

In addition to these far-flung companions, a much nearer object joins NGC 3507. The object is marked by four spikes of light: a star within the Milky Way, a mere 436 light-years away from Earth.

Text Credit: ESA/Hubble

Media Contact:

Claire Andreoli (claire.andreoli@nasa.gov)
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD

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June’s Night Sky Notes: Seasons of the Solar System

June’s Night Sky Notes: Seasons of the Solar System

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June’s Night Sky Notes: Seasons of the Solar System

Two views of the planet Uranus appear side-by-side for comparison. At the top, left corner of the left image is a two-line label. The top line reads Uranus November 9, 2014. The bottoms line reads HST WFC3/UVIS. At the top, left corner of the right image is the label November 9, 2022. At the left, bottom corner of each image is a small, horizontal, white line. In both panels, over this line is the value 25,400 miles. Below the line is the value 40,800 kilometers. At the top, right corner of the right image are three, colored labels representing the color filters used to make these pictures. Located on three separate lines, these are F467M in blue, F547M in green, and F485M in red. On the bottom, right corner of the right image are compass arrows showing north toward the top and east toward the left.
Credits:
NASA

by Kat Troche of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

Here on Earth, we undergo a changing of seasons every three months. But what about the rest of the Solar System? What does a sunny day on Mars look like? How long would a winter on Neptune be? Let’s take a tour of some other planets and ask ourselves what seasons might look like there.

Martian Autumn

Although Mars and Earth have nearly identical axial tilts, a year on Mars lasts 687 Earth days (nearly 2 Earth years) due to its average distance of 142 million miles from the Sun, making it late autumn on the red planet. This distance and a thin atmosphere make it less than perfect sweater weather. A recent weather report from Gale Crater boasted a high of -18 degrees Fahrenheit for the week of May 20, 2025.

A diagram of Mars' orbit around the Sun, labeled with seasons for both hemispheres (Northern Spring/Southern Autumn, Northern Winter/Southern Summer, etc.). Key points like perihelion (closest to Sun) and aphelion (farthest from Sun) are marked, illustrating how seasons align with orbital position.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Seven Years of Summer

Saturn has a 27-degree tilt, very similar to the 25-degree tilt of Mars and the 23-degree tilt of Earth. But that is where the similarities end. With a 29-year orbit, a single season on the ringed planet lasts seven years. While we can’t experience a Saturnian season, we can observe a ring plane crossing here on Earth instead. The most recent plane crossing took place in March 2025, allowing us to see Saturn’s rings ‘disappear’ from view.

A Lifetime of Spring

Springtime on Neptune: Increased Brightness Shows Seasonal Change
NASA Hubble Space Telescope observations in August 2002 show that Neptune’s brightness has increased significantly since 1996. The rise is due to an increase in the amount of clouds observed in the planet’s southern hemisphere. These increases may be due to seasonal changes caused by a variation in solar heating. Because Neptune’s rotation axis is inclined 29 degrees to its orbital plane, it is subject to seasonal solar heating during its 164.8-year orbit of the Sun. This seasonal variation is 900 times smaller than experienced by Earth because Neptune is much farther from the Sun. The rate of seasonal change also is much slower because Neptune takes 165 years to orbit the Sun. So, springtime in the southern hemisphere will last for several decades! Remarkably, this is evidence that Neptune is responding to the weak radiation from the Sun. These images were taken in visible and near-infrared light by Hubble’s Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2.
Credit: NASA, L. Sromovsky, and P. Fry (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

Even further away from the Sun, each season on Neptune lasts over 40 years. Although changes are slower and less dramatic than on Earth, scientists have observed seasonal activity in Neptune’s atmosphere. These images were taken between 1996 and 2002 with the Hubble Space Telescope, with brightness in the southern hemisphere indicating seasonal change.

As we welcome summer here on Earth, you can build a Suntrack model that helps demonstrate the path the Sun takes through the sky during the seasons. You can find even more fun activities and resources like this model on NASA’s Wavelength and Energy activity. 

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