NASA Celebrates Artemis II During Houston Texans Space City Day 

NASA Celebrates Artemis II During Houston Texans Space City Day 

Four people pose in front of a stadium. The two people in the middle are wearing an orange spacesuit.
From left, NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins, Johnson Space Center employees Tessa Rundle and Daniel Kolodziejcyk wearing Orion Crew Survival System suits, and Johnson Director Vanessa Wyche stand on the field during the Houston Texans’ Space City Day game Jan. 4, 2026.
NASA/James Blair

NASA’s Johnson Space Center was front and center Jan. 4, 2026, as the Houston Texans faced the Indianapolis Colts during Space City Day at NRG Stadium. Fans watched the Texans win while getting a close look at NASA’s Artemis II mission, the first crewed flight of the Artemis campaign. 

The Artemis II mission will send four astronauts—NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Koch, along with CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen—around the Moon and back to Earth to test Orion spacecraft systems in deep space and help lay the groundwork for future lunar missions. 

NASA connected fans with the agency’s next giant leap, reinforcing Space City’s role in shaping the future of human exploration.   

A group of volunteers wearing dark clothes hold a large U.S. flag on the stadium's 50-yard line.
NASA’s Johnson Space Center employees hold the American flag on the field during the national anthem at NRG Stadium in Houston.
Image courtesy of the Houston Texans

Before kickoff, 27 Johnson employees helped unfurl the U.S. flag for the national anthem, marking the start of an evening that blended football, exploration, and Houston pride.  

Johnson employees gather on the BULLevard to share the excitement of space exploration with football fans.

On the BULLevard, Johnson employees engaged with fans at a NASA activation area, where visitors explored the agency’s Mobile Exhibit Trailer and learned more about Artemis II. Team members answered questions and shared how NASA is preparing to send humans back to the Moon.  

From left, Johnson Community Engagement Lead Jessica Cordero, NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins, Johnson Space Center Director Vanessa Wyche, NASA Flight Controller Jonathan Guthmiller wearing the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), Multimedia Developer Jessica Krenzel, and NASA Flight Controller Sarah Hill stand together during the outdoor engagement on the BULLevard outside NRG Stadium.

Johnson Director Vanessa Wyche and NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins visited the exhibit and the Extravehicular Activity and Human Surface Mobility Program booth, where they greeted team members and thanked volunteers supporting the event. 

The International Space Station Program joined the celebration with a prerecorded message from the Expedition 74 crew, marking over 25 years of continuous human presence in low Earth orbit. 

An image of a full stadium at a football game with a video playing on the jumbotron.
The Expedition 74 crew aboard the International Space Station deliver a prerecorded message to fans on the stadium jumbotron during the Houston Texans’ Space City Day game.

“Even from 250 miles above the Earth, we’re proud to represent Houston and celebrate the mission of this incredible city on and off the field,” said NASA astronaut Mike Fincke.  

“Today’s game reminds us how connected Houston, NASA, and the Texans truly are,” said NASA astronaut Zena Cardman.  

Cardman highlighted how research aboard the International Space Station has led to innovations that benefit life on Earth, including applications now used in sports and athletic safety. Advances in materials developed for spacesuits and astronaut protection have influenced the design of modern helmets and padding, while cooling technologies originally created for extreme environments are used in training gear and protective equipment. 

“Space innovation doesn’t remain in orbit, sometimes it ends up on the 50-yard line.” 

Three people pose with their hands in the air on the football field. Two people are wearing an orange spacesuit and the person in the middle is wearing a blue flight jacket.
NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins, center, and Johnson employees Tessa Rundle and Daniel Kolodziejcyk, wearing Orion Crew Survival System spacesuits, take the field during the Texans’ “Reppin’ H-Town” appearance.
Image courtesy of the Houston Texans
An image from the January 4th, 2026 regular season week 18 home game against the Indianapolis Colts at NRG Stadium in Houston, TX. The Texans won 38-30.
Johnson Director Vanessa Wyche waves to fans after participating in the ceremonial coin toss.
Image courtesy of the Houston Texans

Jessica Watkins took the field for the Texans’ “Reppin’ H-Town” appearance, joined by Johnson employees Tessa Rundle and Daniel Kolodziejcyk wearing NASA’s Orion Crew Survival System spacesuits. The bright orange pressure suits are designed to protect astronauts during launch, flight, and reentry aboard NASA’s Orion spacecraft.  

The pregame continued with Center Director Vanessa Wyche joining the festivities on the field and participating in the ceremonial coin toss, where she called heads. 

About 30 seconds into halftime, the Artemis Fueling the Fire video played on the stadium jumbotron, sharing NASA’s plans to return humans to the Moon and marking a major step in the agency’s Moon to Mars campaign.  

Center Director Vanessa Wyche and NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins are interviewed on the field during halftime.

The video led into a live interview with Vanessa Wyche and Jessica Watkins, where Wyche discussed the Artemis II mission and Watkins highlighted similarities between astronaut training and football training. At the conclusion of the interview, the host invited fans to take part in NASA’s “Send Your Name with Artemis II” initiative, which allows the public to have their names stored on a small chip aboard the Orion spacecraft during the mission. Participants receive a digital boarding pass and virtual guest access to select NASA launches. While the names remain stored electronically inside the spacecraft, the effort symbolically gives participants a place on Orion’s journey around the Moon. 

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Sumer Loggins

Expedition 74 Ready for Thursday Spacewalk and Continuing Research

Expedition 74 Ready for Thursday Spacewalk and Continuing Research

NASA astronaut and Expedition 74 Commander Mike Fincke poses inside the International Space Station’s Quest airlock next to a spacesuit. The helmet is secured with a protective cover designed to prevent scratches and contamination when the suit is not in use, ensuring the visor remains clear for spacewalks.
NASA astronaut Mike Fincke poses inside the International Space Station’s Quest airlock next to a spacesuit. The helmet is secured with a protective cover designed to prevent scratches and contamination when the suit is not in use, ensuring the visor remains clear for spacewalks.
NASA

Expedition 74 is making final preparations for the first spacewalk of 2026 that will see two NASA astronauts exit the International Space Station for power upgrade work on Thursday. Science also continued aboard the orbital outpost with Wednesday’s research focusing on physics, microbiology, artificial intelligence, and Earth observations.

Station Commander Mike Fincke and Flight Engineer Zena Cardman are on track to conduct their mission’s first spacewalk set to begin at 8 a.m. EST on Thursday. The duo’s primary task during the six-and-a-half-hour spacewalk will be installing a modification kit and routing cables for a future roll-out solar array. Secondary tasks include installing jumper cables, taking hardware photos, and collecting microorganism samples. NASA will begin its live spacewalk coverage at 6:30 a.m. on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and the agency’s YouTube channel.

Fincke and Cardman began Wednesday organizing their spacewalking tools and supplies inside the Quest airlock where they will exit the orbital outpost on the following day. Next, they finished configuring their spacesuits and the associated life support and emergency components. At the end of their shift, they were joined by Flight Engineers Chris Williams of NASA and Kimiya Yui of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) for a final spacewalk procedures review and a readiness conference with mission controllers on the ground. Williams and Yui will assist the astronauts in and out of their spacesuits, pressurize and depressurize the Quest airlock, and monitor the spacewalkers as they work outside the orbiting lab.

Before wrapping up Wednesday’s spacewalk preparations, Williams and Yui worked on physics and microbiology research. Williams worked in the Destiny laboratory module’s Microgravity Science Glovebox testing ways to preserve cryogenic fluids and maintain tank pressure—research that could lead to improved spacecraft designs and advanced storage systems on Earth. Yui serviced microbe samples in the Kibo laboratory module’s Life Science Glovebox, exploring the use of ultraviolet light to disinfect spacecraft surfaces and protect crew health and hardware.

Roscosmos Flight Engineers Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Oleg Platonov investigated using artificial intelligence to transcribe audio files documenting daily crew activities and improve crew operations aboard spacecraft. Roscosmos Flight Engineer Sergei Mikaev concluded an overnight Earth observation session by uninstalling a camera that photographed landmarks from Australia to South America during the crew’s sleep shift and downlinking the imagery to researchers on the ground. The cosmonaut trio will continue normal research and maintenance operations in the station’s Roscosmos segment during Thursday’s spacewalk.

The three flight engineers will set up another automated overnight Earth observation session photographing islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, inspect and audit tools, emergency gear, and cargo, and maintain life support systems.

Learn more about station activities by following the space station blog, @space_station on X, as well as the ISS Facebook and ISS Instagram accounts.

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Mark A. Garcia

25 Years in Orbit: Science, Innovation, and the Future of Exploration 

25 Years in Orbit: Science, Innovation, and the Future of Exploration 

NASA astronaut Jasmin Moghbeli retrieves media bags inside the International Space Station’s Kibo laboratory module for Emory University’s Project EAGLE investigation.
NASA

NASA and its partners have supported humans continuously living and working in space since November 2000. A truly global endeavor, the International Space Station has been visited by more than 290 people from 26 countries and a variety of international and commercial spacecraft. The unique microgravity laboratory has hosted more than 4,000 experiments from over 5,000 researchers from 110 countries. The space station also is facilitating the growth of a commercial market in low Earth orbit for research, technology development, and crew and cargo transportation. 

After a quarter of century of human presence in orbit, the station remains a symbol of international cooperation and a proving ground for humanity’s next giant leaps to the Moon and, eventually, Mars.  

September's full Moon, the Harvest Moon, is photographed from the International Space Station, perfectly placed in between exterior station hardware
September’s full Moon, the Harvest Moon, is photographed from the space station, placed in between exterior station hardware.
NASA

The microgravity environments aboard the space station unlocks discoveries that benefit life on Earth and prepare humans for deep space missions. NASA’s Human Research Program (HRP) works to understand the changes astronauts face aboard the orbital outpost and to develop interventions to keep crews healthy before, during, and after flight.  

Astronauts aboard the station exercise for roughly two hours a day to protect bone density, muscle strength, and the cardiovascular system, but the longer they are in microgravity, the harder it can be for the brain and body to readapt to gravity’s pull. After months in orbit, returning astronauts often describe Earth as heavy, loud, and strangely still. Some reacclimate within days, while other astronauts take longer to fully recover. 

Through HRP-led studies, scientists track these changes and test solutions—from improved exercise regimens to medical monitoring and nutritional strategies. The results inspire new medical technologies, while teaching scientists how the human body adapts to long-duration spaceflights—knowledge that helps keep astronauts healthy on future missions.

A woman runs on a treadmill in space.
In the Tranquility node of the orbiting laboratory, NASA astronaut Jessica Meir exercises on the Combined Operational Load Bearing External Resistance Treadmill (COLBERT), technically named the Treadmill 2 and abbreviated as T2.
NASA

The space station continues to be a critical platform for sharpening skills, technology, and understanding that will prepare humanity to return to the Moon with NASA’s Artemis campaign and journey on to Mars and beyond. 

Since space presents an entirely new physical environment with a distinct set of challenges, the orbiting laboratory is uniquely positioned to support research and preparations not possible on Earth. That includes: 

  • Mastering techniques for basic tasks like drinking water, sleeping, exercising, and handling various materials.  
  • Developing solutions to microgravity-induced changes to and challenges for the human body. 
  • Testing reliable technologies and self-sustaining ecosystems necessary for deep space travel, from life support systems to in-orbit agriculture and 3D printing of materials. 
  • Refining techniques and procedures for data and imagery collection and analysis.  

Read more about how the space station has enabled significant strides in our journey farther into the final frontier. 

The first decade of the space station was the decade of construction. The second decade moved from initial studies to fully using the orbiting laboratory. Now we are in the decade of results. 

With nearly 25 years of experiments conducted aboard the station, more breakthroughs are materializing than ever before. These scientific discoveries and technological advancements are benefiting humanity on the ground, contributing to the growing low Earth orbit economy, and helping to prepare for future exploration of the Moon and Mars.  

Innovations include: 

  • Advances in X-ray technologies, developed to create a space station telescope, are helping unravel the mysteries of our universe while improving medical devices on Earth. 
  • Temperature-change data that has been employed in efforts to reduce heat absorbed by city surfaces, reduce fire risk, and help farmers efficiently water their fields. 
  • Demonstrations of robotic technologies with the potential to relieve repetitive movement and other workplace-related stressors. 
  • Development of a small ultrasound unit for crew health monitoring that has since been adapted to provide diagnostic care in remote areas on Earth. 

Find more information about the space station’s benefits for humanity here. 

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Linda E. Grimm

Lightning from Above

Lightning from Above

Lightning turns a cloud formation an eerie blue above Milan, Italy. The view is from the International Space Station.
NASA/Nichole Ayers

NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers captured this image of lightning while orbiting aboard the International Space Station more than 250 miles above Milan, Italy on July 1, 2025. Storm observations from space station help scientists study Earth’s upper atmosphere, which can improve weather models and protect communication systems and aircraft. Space station crew take photographs of Earth that record how the planet changes over time due to human activity and natural events. This record allows scientists to monitor disasters and direct response on the ground and study phenomena.

Image credit: NASA/Nichole Ayers

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Monika Luabeya

Algae Swirls Across a South African Reservoir

Algae Swirls Across a South African Reservoir

June 2022-July 2023
NASA Earth Observatory / Lauren Dauphin

On clear days in Hartbeespoort, South Africa, satellite images often reveal a reservoir with shades of deep blue interrupted by drifting patches of vivid green. These shifting features indicate algae blooms, which can affect water quality, ecosystems, and nearby human communities.

In this animation, from June 2022 to July 2023, an algal bloom grows, moves around the reservoir, and then fades. The animation is composed of images from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS), a NASA product that combines imagery from the NASA/USGS Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 satellites and the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2A, 2B, and 2C satellites.

Algae is an umbrella term for photosynthetic organisms that live in water, encompassing everything from single-celled cyanobacteria to seaweed. They play a vital role in maintaining healthy ecosystems. But when colonies of algae spread too widely or release harmful toxins, they can threaten the very environments they support. These colonies are known as harmful algal blooms, or HABs.

Some HABs are toxic and often are part of a process called eutrophication. Eutrophication begins when there are too many nutrients in an ecosystem—because of agricultural runoff and other inputs—leading to a rapid growth of algae.

“It’s like having a garden,” said Bridget Seegers, a NASA scientist who studies cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems. “If you add a lot of nutrients, you’re going to have a lot of growth.”

Eventually, the algae die off. As decomposers break down the dead algae, they consume oxygen, which can lead to hypoxia and the formation of dead zones.

A satellite image of a mostly brown landscape features a dark-blue reservoir partially covered by bright green algae in the north and center.
August 10, 2022

Such conditions have been documented at the Hartbeespoortdam (Hartbeespoort Dam) reservoir, located about 25 kilometers (16 miles) west of Pretoria and used primarily for recreation and irrigation. The reservoir is home to regular harmful algal blooms containing cyanobacteria. It also hosts large mats of invasive water hyacinths. While hyacinths do not produce toxins, they do contribute to eutrophication when they die and decompose.

Harmful algal blooms can affect ecosystem health and human lives and livelihoods. In April 2023, South African authorities linked a large fish kill in Hartbeespoort to low oxygen levels caused by excessive algal growth. More broadly, HABs in drinking water reservoirs can reduce water availability and raise water treatment costs, while swimming in HAB-infested waters can cause rashes, and pets or livestock that drink it may fall ill or die.

One 2022 paper published in Remote Sensing examined algae in the reservoir from 1980 to 2020 using Landsat data. “This is a reservoir that has always been monitored heavily by the local department of water resources,” said Adam Ali, the lead author of the paper. The research used satellite data to provide a big-picture view of conditions across the entire reservoir over long time scales. Using 40 years of Landsat data, the researchers found that the biggest drivers of algal growth were total phosphorus content—a nutrient found in runoff—and water temperature, with blooms typically expanding in the warm summer months and subsiding in the winter.

They also identified key trends over space and time. Algal productivity was higher near Krokodilrivier (Crocodile River) inflows and in the western part of the reservoir due to golf course runoff and restricted water circulation, demonstrating how HABs are influenced by runoff and river inputs. Large blooms occurred between 1982 and 1986, when total phosphorus levels were high. A bioremediation program in the late 1980s succeeded in limiting algae growth, but after funding ended in the late 1990s, harmful algal blooms spiked again in the early 2000s.

To track algae from space, the researchers analyzed the water’s color by measuring different wavelengths of light. From this, they estimated the concentration of chlorophyll-a, a common pigment in algae, and used these values to approximate algae biomass over time. Although water samples remain necessary to confirm that a bloom is harmful, satellite data can help scientists understand the drivers of harmful algal blooms, especially in remote regions where regular ground monitoring is expensive and time intensive.

New and forthcoming NASA missions promise to advance space-based water quality monitoring. The next Landsat satellite is expected to measure wavelengths specifically designed to detect HABs. NASA’s PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem) mission, launched in 2024, collects data in hundreds of precise wavelength bands in the visible spectrum, which can help scientists identify the type of algae that comprise a certain bloom—a key factor in determining toxicity. Given PACE’s spatial resolution, the data is most useful in coastal areas or larger inland water bodies. Ali is working with researchers at NASA Ames to integrate PACE into future studies.

Animation by Ross Walter/Landsat Science Office Support, using data from the Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) product. Still image by Lauren Dauphin/NASA Earth Observatory using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Madeleine Gregory/Landsat Science Office Support.

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