Crew Sets Up Space Hardware to Make Fiber Optics and Brew Lunar Sake

Crew Sets Up Space Hardware to Make Fiber Optics and Brew Lunar Sake

The International Space Station soars 259 miles above Cambodia in this long-duration photograph revealing star trails, lightning storms, and the city lights of Southeast Asia streaking below.
The International Space Station soars 259 miles above Cambodia in this long-duration photograph revealing star trails, lightning storms, and the city lights of Southeast Asia streaking below.
NASA

Fiber manufacturing and lunar brewing wrapped up the research week aboard the International Space Station helping NASA and its international partners promote the commercialization of space. The Expedition 73 crew also continued its space biology studies to keep astronauts healthy while packing a resupply ship for its upcoming departure and maintaining life support systems.

NASA Flight Engineer Jonny Kim opened up the Destiny laboratory module’s Microgravity Science Glovebox and installed fabrication hardware inside to explore the commercial production of optical fibers in microgravity. Operators on the ground will remotely control the hardware as it pulls the thin glass strands that engineers will analyze to determine if the quality exceeds fiber production in Earth’s gravity environment. Results may improve manufacturing techniques for both Earth and space communication industries.

JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui spent his day inside the Kibo laboratory module reconfiguring a research incubator, called the Cell Biology Experiment Facility-L (CBEF-L). Yui replaced trays and compartments inside the scientific device to accommodate a technology demonstration of  fermentation and brewing in microgravity. The JAXA DASSAI MOON study will simulate lunar gravity in the CBEF-L, ferment and brew sake yeast, then send frozen samples back to Earth for analysis. Results may allow a familiar taste from Earth to be produced on the Moon for future visitors.

NASA Flight Engineer Zena Cardman began her shift processing samples for analysis for the CIPHER suite of 14 human research investigations. The second part of her CIPHER study saw Cardman take a series of computer-based tests to track space-related changes to her brain function. Insights may lead to advanced tools such as brain scans, thinking tests, and task simulations to monitor and protect astronaut cognition during long-duration space missions.

NASA Flight Engineer Mike Fincke spent his day inside the Destiny lab servicing life support components and replacing communications hardware. Fincke first accessed a thermal system rack and inspected its hoses then gained access to a failed GPS receiver behind the rack and replaced it.

Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritsky, station commander and flight engineer respectively, continued their weeklong investigation into how weightlessness affects tiny blood vessels, or the microcirculatory system. Once again the duo attached electrodes to their head, fingers, and toes, and conducted blood pressure checks to observe how living in space affects their cardiovascular health. Ryzhikov also packed trash inside the Progress 91 cargo craft ahead of next month’s departure while Zubritsky cleaned dust filters in the Rassvet module and configured cameras.

Roscosmos Flight Engineer Oleg Platonov spent his day inside the Nauka science module working on its ventilation system and checking its laptop computers. He also explored how weightlessness is affecting his sense of balance and direction by wearing virtual reality glasses and electrodes around his eyes and forehead then responding to computer-controlled stimuli.

Learn more about station activities by following the space station blog@space_station on X, as well as the ISS Facebook and ISS Instagram accounts.

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Kelcie Nicole Howren

NASA-Developed Printable Metal Can Take the Heat

NASA-Developed Printable Metal Can Take the Heat

3 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

A metallic cast of the NASA insignia. Half of the disk is silver, while the other half is ablaze, subjected to high heat.
GRX-810 is a new metal alloy developed by NASA for 3D printing parts that can withstand the extreme temperatures of rocket engines, allowing affordable printing of high-heat parts.
NASA

Until now, additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, of engine components was limited by the lack of affordable metal alloys that could withstand the extreme temperatures of spaceflight. Expensive metal alloys were the only option for 3D printing engine parts until NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, developed the GRX-810 alloy.

The primary metals in the GRX-810 alloy include nickel, cobalt, and chromium. A ceramic oxide coating on the powdered metal particles increases its heat resistance and improves performance. Known as oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys, these powders were challenging to manufacture at a reasonable cost when the project started. 

However, the advanced dispersion coating technique developed at Glenn employs resonant acoustic mixing. Rapid vibration is applied to a container filled with the metal powder and nano-oxide particles. The vibration evenly coats each metal particle with the oxide, making them inseparable. Even if a manufactured part is ground down to powder and reused, the next component will have the qualities of ODS.

The benefits over common alloys are significant – GRX-10 could last up to a year at 2,000°F under stress loads that would crack any other affordable alloy within hours. Additionally, 3D printing parts using GRX-810 enables more complex shapes compared to metal parts manufactured with traditional methods.

Elementum 3D, an Erie, Colorado-based company, produces GRX-810 for customers in quantities ranging from small batches to over a ton. The company has a co-exclusive license for the NASA-patented alloy and manufacturing process and continues to work with the agency under a Space Act Agreement to improve the material.

“A material under stress or a heavy load at high temperature can start to deform and stretch almost like taffy,” said Jeremy Iten, chief technical officer with Elementum 3D. “Initial tests done on the large-scale production of our GRX-810 alloy showed a lifespan that’s twice as long as the small-batch material initially produced, and those were already fantastic.”

Commercial space and other industries, including aviation, are testing GRX-810 for additional applications. For example, one Elementum 3D customer, Vectoflow, is testing a GRX-810 flow sensor. Flow sensors monitor the speed of gases flowing through a turbine, helping engineers optimize engine performance. However, these sensors can burn out in minutes due to extreme temperatures. Using GRX-810 flow sensors could improve airplane fuel efficiency, reduce emissions and hardware replacements.

Working hand-in-hand with industry, NASA is driving technology developments that are mutually beneficial to the agency and America’s space economy. Learn more: https://spinoff.nasa.gov/

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Last Updated

Aug 15, 2025

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Andrew Wagner

Human Rating and NASA-STD-3001

Human Rating and NASA-STD-3001

3 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

Human-rating is a critical certification process that validates the safety, reliability, and suitability of space systems—including orbiters, launch vehicles, rovers, spacesuits, habitats, and other crewed elements—for human use and interaction. This process ensures that systems are designed not only to protect human life but also to accommodate human needs and effectively integrate human capabilities. Human-rating requires that systems can tolerate failures, provide life-sustaining environments, and offer the crew sufficient control and situational awareness. NASA’s standards, such as a maximum allowable probability of loss of crew of 1 in 500 for ascent or descent, reflect the agency’s commitment to minimizing risk in human spaceflight.

Over the decades, the concept of human-rating has evolved significantly. Early efforts focused primarily on basic crew survival and redundancy in critical systems. Today, human-rating is an interdisciplinary effort that integrates engineering, medical, operational, and various other expertise to ensure that systems are not only survivable but also support optimal human function in extreme environments. As missions became more complex and extended in duration, the scope of human-rating will continue to evolve to meet the demands of space travel.

Modern human-rating standards—such as NASA Procedural Requirements (NPR) 8705.2CNASA-STD-8719.29 (Technical Requirements for Human-Rating), and NASA-STD-3001 (Human System Standards)—form the foundation of NASA’s approach. These documents emphasize risk-informed design, fault tolerance, human factors engineering, and the ability to recover from hazardous situations. They also provide detailed guidance on system safety, crew control interfaces, abort capabilities, and environmental health requirements. Together, they ensure that human spaceflight systems are designed to accommodate, utilize, and protect the crew throughout all mission phases.

The human-rating certification process is rigorous and iterative. It involves extensive testing, validation, and verification of system performance, including simulations, flight tests, and integrated safety analyses. Certification also requires continuous monitoring, configuration control, and maintenance to ensure that systems remain in their certified state throughout their operational life. Importantly, human-rating is not just a checklist of technical requirements—it represents a cultural commitment to crew safety. It fosters a mindset in which every team member, from design engineers to mission operators, shares responsibility for protecting human life.

To support program and project teams in applying these standards, NASA has conducted cross-reviews of documents like NASA-STD-3001 in relation to NASA-STD-8719.29. These assessments help identify relevant human health and performance requirements that should be considered during system design and development. While not a substitute for detailed applicability assessments, such reviews provide valuable guidance for integrating human-rating principles into mission planning and vehicle architecture.

NASA/Sydney Bergen-Hill

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Kim Lowe

NASA Astronauts to Answer Questions from Students in Minnesota

NASA Astronauts to Answer Questions from Students in Minnesota

The crew of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission pose for a photo during a training session.
Credit: SpaceX

NASA astronauts Michael Fincke and Zena Cardman will connect with students in Minnesota as they answer prerecorded science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) questions aboard the International Space Station.

The Earth-to-space call will begin at 11 a.m. EDT on Wednesday, Aug. 20, and will stream live on the agency’s Learn With NASA YouTube channel.

Media interested in covering the event must RSVP by 5 p.m., Tuesday, Aug. 19, to Elizabeth Ross at: 952-838-1340 or elizabeth.ross@pacer.org.

The PACER center will host this event in Bloomington for students in their Tech for Teens program. The organization aims to improve educational opportunities and enhance the quality of life for children and young adults with disabilities and their families. The goal of this event is to help educate and inspire teens with disabilities to consider opportunities in STEM fields.

For nearly 25 years, astronauts have continuously lived and worked aboard the space station, testing technologies, performing science, and developing skills needed to explore farther from Earth. Astronauts communicate with NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston 24 hours a day through SCaN’s (Space Communications and Navigation) Near Space Network.

Research and technology investigations taking place aboard the space station benefit people on Earth and lay the groundwork for other agency missions. As part of NASA’s Artemis campaign, the agency will send astronauts to the Moon to prepare for future human exploration of Mars; inspiring Golden Age explorers and ensuring the United States continues to lead in space exploration and discovery.

See more information on NASA in-flight downlinks at:

https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation

-end-

Gerelle Dodson
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
gerelle.q.dodson@nasa.gov

Sandra Jones
Johnson Space Center, Houston
281-483-511
sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov

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Lauren E. Low

Countdown to Space Station’s Silver Jubilee with Silver Research

Countdown to Space Station’s Silver Jubilee with Silver Research

Rubins stands at an angle wearing a navy-blue shirt, smiling while conducting an experiment inside a glovebox. The metallic glovebox is about the size of a washing machine, with a glass cover. Rubins’ arms are inserted through the glass cover, wearing protective blue latex gloves and white protective sleeves. A black camera is pointed towards the glovebox, and the surrounding walls have many wires, hardware, and containers attached.
On January 7, 2021, NASA astronaut Kate Rubins serviced samples for Bacterial Adhesion and Corrosion. This investigation looked at how spaceflight affects the formation of microbial biofilms and tested a silver-based disinfectant.
NASA

This November marks a quarter century of continuous human presence aboard the International Space Station, which has served as a springboard for developing a low Earth economy and NASA’s next great leaps in exploration, including human missions to the Moon and Mars. To kick off the orbiting laboratory’s silver 25th anniversary countdown, here are a few silver-themed science investigations that have advanced research and space exploration.

Antimicrobial properties

Silver has been used for centuries to fight infection, and researchers use its unique properties to mitigate microbial growth aboard the space station. Over time, microbes form biofilms, sticky communities that can grow on surfaces and cause infection. In space, biofilms can become resistant to traditional cleaning products and could infect water treatment systems, damage equipment, and pose a health risk to astronauts. The Bacterial Adhesion and Corrosion investigation studied the bacterial genes that contribute to the formation of biofilms and tested whether a silver-based disinfectant could limit their growth.

Another experiment focused on the production of silver nanoparticles aboard the space station. Silver nanoparticles have a bigger surface-to-volume ratio, allowing silver ions to come in contact with more microbes, making it a more effective antimicrobial tool to help protect crew from potential infection on future space missions. It also evaluated whether silver nanoparticles produced in space are more stable and uniform in size and shape, characteristics that could further enhance their effectiveness.

Wearable tech

Silver is a high-conductivity precious metal that is very malleable, making it a viable option for smart garments. NASA astronauts aboard the orbiting laboratory tested a wearable monitoring vest with silver-coated sensors to record heart rates, cardiac mechanics, and breathing patterns while they slept. This smart garment is lightweight and more comfortable, so it does not disturb sleep quality. The data collected provided valuable insight into improving astronauts’ sleep in space.

Silver crystals

In microgravity, there is no up or down, and weightlessness does not allow particles to settle, which impacts physical and chemical processes. Researchers use this unique microgravity environment to grow larger and more uniform crystals unaffected by the force of Earth’s gravity or the physical processes that would separate mixtures by density. The NanoRacks-COSMOS investigation used the environment aboard the station to grow and assess the 3D structure of silver nitrate crystals. The molecular structure of these superior silver nitrate crystals has applications in nanotechnology, such as creating silver nanowires for nanoscale electronics.

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Aug 14, 2025

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Christian M. Getteau