Risk of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome

Exposure to altered gravity can cause ocular and brain structural changes to develop during spaceflight; these changes could lead to vision alterations, cognitive effects, or other deleterious health effects. SANS is a syndrome unique to humans that fly in space, and there is no terrestrial disease equivalent. Brain structural changes appear small but seem to indicate that over half of crewmembers experience one or more symptoms of SANS. Determining intracranial pressure during spaceflight could improve our understanding of SANS mechanisms and improve our ability to target countermeasures for determining risk for future missions.

Directed Acyclic Graph Files

+ DAG File Information (HSRB Home Page)

+ SANS Risk DAG and Narrative (PDF)

+ SANS Risk DAG Code (TXT)

Human Research Roadmap

+ Risk of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome

+ 2022 April Evidence Report (PDF)

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Risk of Toxic Substance Exposure

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Risk of Urinary Retention

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Risk to Crew Health Due to Electrical Shock (Electrical Shock Risk)

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Robert E. Lewis

Risk of Renal Stone Formation

Exposure to microgravity induces bone atrophy/bone loss which increases circulating calcium, impacting the renal stone risk. Risk mitigation strategies including exercise and hydration are well-defined although the ability to treat a renal stone during exploration missions is not yet available.

Directed Acyclic Graph Files

+ DAG File Information (HSRB Home Page)

+ Risk of Renal Stone Formation DAG and Narrative (PDF)

+ Risk of Renal Stone Formation DAG Code (TXT)

Human Research Roadmap

+ Risk of Renal Stone Formation Human Research Roadmap

+ 2017 May Evidence Report

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Risk of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome

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Risk of Toxic Substance Exposure

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Risk of Urinary Retention

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Robert E. Lewis

Risk of Reduced Physical Performance Capabilities Due to Reduced Muscle Size, Strength, and Endurance (Muscle Risk)

Exposure to the microgravity environment causes muscle size, strength, and endurance to decline. Based on ISS data, if crew adhere to the exercise schedule and have access to adequate exercise countermeasure systems then on average, they return with minimal losses of muscle size, strength, and endurance. New exploration countermeasures systems will be different from ISS and may not have the capability to support exercise as required to maintain human performance.

Directed Acyclic Graph Files

+ DAG File Information (HSRB Home Page)

+ Muscle Risk DAG and Narrative (PDF)

+ Muscle Risk DAG Code (TXT)

Human Research Roadmap

+ Risk of Impaired Performance Due to Reduced Muscle Size, Strength & Endurance

+ 2015 March Evidence Report (PDF)

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Risk of Ineffective or Toxic Medications During Long-Duration Exploration Spaceflight

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Risk of Mission Impacting Injury and Compromised Performance and Long-Term Health Effects due to EVA Operations (EVA Risk)

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Risk of In-Mission Injury and Performance Decrements and Long-term Health Effects due to Dynamic Loads (Dynamic Loads Risk)

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Robert E. Lewis

Risk of Reduced Physical Performance Capabilities Due to Reduced Aerobic Capacity (Aerobic Risk)

Spaceflight causes measures of maximum aerobic capacity to decline, which can result in impaired mission task performance. Based on ISS data, if crew adhere to existing exercise schedules and have access to adequate exercise countermeasure systems, then on average, they return with minimal losses of aerobic fitness. New exploration countermeasures systems will be different from ISS and may not have the capability to support exercise as required to maintain human performance.

Directed Acyclic Graph Files

+ DAG File Information (HSRB Home Page)

+ Aerobic Risk DAG and Narrative (PDF)

+ Aerobic Risk DAG Code (TXT)

Human Research Roadmap

+ Risk of Reduced Physical Performance Capabilities Due to Reduced Aerobic Capacity

+ 2015 March HRP Evidence Report (PDF)

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Risk of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome

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Risk of Renal Stone Formation

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Risk of Toxic Substance Exposure

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Robert E. Lewis

How Do We Know the Earth Isn’t Flat? We Asked a NASA Expert: Episode 53

This was a magical revelation for the Greeks and the Egyptians, who were able to see from the motions of the stars and the way the Sun moved. They saw the way the Sun’s shadow worked in different places. And they figured, well, that’s only possible if the Earth is round. And they took that information and it extended into the time of the great mariners that explored our Earth by ships.

They made the first orbit of Earth by sea, and they knew the Earth was round, allowing them to go across one ocean and come back home the other way. If the Earth were flat, they would have sailed off the end. And so we knew that.

But then, at the dawn of the space age, in the late 50s and 60s, we were able to see for ourselves that our beautiful home is a gorgeous round object known as a sphere. And that was really special. It put ourselves into context of our solar system and our universe.

We have a big round Sun and a beautiful round Earth and a round Mars.

And today we use the roundness of Earth, the spherical Earth, to use methods in space geodesy to figure out where we are, where we’re going. I haven’t been lost in years. That’s pretty good.

What’s happening to the Earth, what’s happening to our oceans as we take the pulse of our planet and consider other worlds beyond as we explore those.

So as we get ready to go back to the Moon with women and men and explore other worlds, the roundness of our solar system and our universe is a special thing. And we should embrace that as we understand why our planet isn’t flat.

[END VIDEO TRANSCRIPT]

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Hubble Unveils a Glittering View of Sh2-284

A tiny fraction of the stellar nursery known as Sh2-284 is visible in this glittering,…

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Hubble Jams With A Cosmic Guitar

Arp 105 is a dazzling ongoing merger between an elliptical galaxy and a spiral galaxy…

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Hubble Spies a Spectacular Starburst Galaxy

Sweeping spiral arms extend from NGC 4536, littered with bright blue clusters of star formation…

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Emily Furfaro