![\"Two](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/co2-conversion-challenge-1.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>NASA\u2019s Space Technology Mission Directorate connects the public to the agency\u2019s missions and explores creative possibilities for addressing the agency\u2019s research and technology development needs through prizes, challenges, and crowdsourcing<\/a> opportunities. These challenges bridge NASA\u2019s institutional expertise with the ingenuity of industry experts, universities, and the public at large, resulting in collaborations that help advance space technology solutions. For many solvers, success doesn\u2019t stop when the NASA challenge ends. Past participants have gone on to work with NASA in other ways and take their technology to new heights in the commercial sector.<\/p>\n Air Company of Brooklyn, New York, was one of three teams to win the final round of NASA\u2019s CO2<\/sub>\u202fConversion Challenge<\/strong><\/a>, which concluded in August 2021. This challenge asked the public to develop ways to convert carbon dioxide (CO2<\/sub>), an abundant resource on Mars, into sugar, which could be used by astronauts to make products including plastics, adhesives, fuels, food, and medicine. Air Company received a $700,000 award in the final phase of the competition for its thermochemical sugar production. First, CO2<\/sub> and hydrogen are combined to make methanol, then hydrogen is removed to turn methanol into formaldehyde. The third chemical reaction produces a simple sugar called D-glucose.<\/p>\n Since participating in the CO2 Conversion Challenge, Air Company has commercialized its CO2-converting technology in unique ways, producing hand sanitizer, fragrance oil, and even vodka. The CO2 used is sourced from biogenic emissions \u2013 mitigating emissions that are released into the atmosphere from ethanol fermentation facilities.1<\/a><\/sup> The company has also gone on to compete in NASA\u2019s Deep Space Food Challenge<\/a> <\/strong>and developed a system and processes for turning air, water, electricity, and yeast into food. In May 2023, Air Company was named a winner in Phase 2 of the challenge, receiving a $150,000 prize from NASA and a chance to compete in Phase 3 for a grand prize of $750,000 from a total prize purse of up to $1.5 million.<\/p>\n Astrobotic Technology, a small business based in Pittsburgh, was named a grand prize winner of\u202fPhase 1 of NASA\u2019s\u202fWatts on the Moon Challenge<\/strong><\/a> in May 2021. The company is no stranger to NASA \u2013 in fact, John Thornton, CEO of Astrobotic, credits early NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)<\/a> funding as \u201cthe lifeblood of the company,\u201d starting with its first award in 2009. Astrobotic has also received funding from NASA\u2019s Tipping Point<\/a> program and was selected to deliver scientific and technology payloads to the Moon as part of the agency\u2019s Commercial Lunar Payloads Services<\/a> (CLPS) initiative.<\/p>\n For the Watts on the Moon Challenge, teams were asked to submit ideas for up to three parts of a hypothetical mission scenario: generating power from a plant to harvest water and oxygen from a dark crater on the Moon\u2019s South Pole. Astrobotic received the grand prize in response to the first part of the scenario, proposing a fleet of small rovers that transport power cables between the solar array power source and the rover that operates inside the crater. The team also received a prize for collaborating with Montreal startup Eternal Light Photonics Corp. for a wireless mobile power beaming solution.<\/p>\n According to Astrobotic, the prizes contribute to the company\u2019s development of lunar surface power infrastructure.2<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In August 2022, the company was selected by NASA to receive $6.2 million to help advance Vertical Solary Array Technology (VSAT) under the agency\u2019s Game Changing Development program<\/a>.3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n In November 2022, small business ICON, based in Austin, Texas, received a $57.2 million contract<\/a> from NASA to develop construction technologies that could support infrastructure such as landing pads, habitats, and roads on the Moon. This effort supports NASA\u2019s Moon to Mars Planetary Autonomous Construction Technologies (MMPACT) project. Preceding this, the company participated in NASA\u2019s 3D-Printed Habitat Challenge<\/strong><\/a>, which ran from 2015 to 2019. This challenge asked competitors to design, develop, and test several areas of 3D printing that could contribute to potential human shelter on Mars. ICON partnered with the Colorado School of Mines in Phase 3: Level 1 of the challenge. The team was named a top ten finalist for their digital representation of a house on Mars using building information modeling software tools.<\/p>\n The technology ICON initially developed through the NASA challenge has helped pave several paths for the company. In addition to designing extraterrestrial infrastructure, ICON also impacts global housing by constructing 3D printed homes on Earth. The company created the first 3D printed community of homes in Nacajuca, Mexico.4<\/a><\/sup> Taking its challenge journey full circle, ICON has also released its own global architecture competition open to the public.<\/p>\n Based in Budapest, Hungary, Puli Space Technologies is an example of the global collaboration that is possible through prize, challenge, and crowdsourcing opportunities. In 2020, the company participated in the Honey, I Shrunk the NASA Payload<\/strong><\/a> <\/strong>competition, which sought designs for miniature science instruments \u2013 about the size of a bar of soap \u2013 that could help scout the lunar surface, collecting key information about the Moon, its resources, and the environment. The challenge was sponsored by NASA\u2019s Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative<\/a> to cultivate new ideas, spur innovation and enhance the development of capabilities for exploration of the lunar surface. The challenge received 132 entries from 29 countries. Puli Space won first prize in the first iteration of the challenge for its conceptual Puli Lunar Water Snooper (PLWS) to identify hydrogen and all hydrogen-bearing volatiles, like water-ice, on the Moon.<\/p>\n Following the challenge, NASA released Honey, I Shrunk the NASA Payload Challenge, the Sequel<\/strong><\/a>, a two-year challenge that asked teams to develop, build, and prototype their miniature rover payloads. Out of the 14 finalists from the original challenge, four teams were chosen to advance to stage 2 of the sequel challenge. As part of the challenge, NASA provided $675,000, which was split between the four teams to fund development. Puli Space placed second in the sequel challenge for developing PLWS.\u00a0According to Puli Space CEO Tibor Pacher, the connections made in preparing for the challenge led to PLWS\u2019s placement on at least two planned commercial Moon missions.5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n [1] https:\/\/www.aircompany.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n [2] https:\/\/www.astrobotic.com\/astrobotic-wins-two-nasa-prizes-for-lunar-power-infrastructure\/<\/a><\/p>\n [3] https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/three-companies-to-help-nasa-advance-solar-array-technology-for-moon<\/a><\/p>\nCommercializing Challenge-Supported CO2<\/sub> Technology<\/h2>\n
Cross-Program Competitors Advance Lunar Power Solutions<\/h2>\n
![\"Artist](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/surface-power.png?w=1920\")
<\/figure>Printing Homes for Extraterrestrial Lands and on Earth<\/h2>\n
![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1_icon_olympus_multi-purpose_isru-based_lunarconstructionsystem_concept-render_nov2022_for_icon_release.jpg?w=2048\"){kind=icon}
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nGlobal Participation Leads to Mini Rover Missions<\/h2>\n
Endnotes<\/h3>\n