{"id":9362,"date":"2023-10-24T18:00:08","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T22:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/a-tale-of-three-pollutants\/"},"modified":"2023-10-24T18:00:08","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T22:00:08","slug":"a-tale-of-three-pollutants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/a-tale-of-three-pollutants\/","title":{"rendered":"A Tale of Three Pollutants"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">A Tale of Three Pollutants<\/h2>\n<p><!-- no image --><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-0 z-400\">\n<div class=\"z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400\">\n<div class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2\">10 Min Read<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA Tale of Three Pollutants\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><video class=\"hds-video-background\" alt=\"\" autoplay=\"true\" loop=\"true\" muted=\"true\" preload=\"none\"><source src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/staqs-banner-3-1.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/video><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-y-3 padding-x-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0\"><figcaption class=\"hds-caption maxw-mobile\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30\">\n<div><figcaption><em>Freight, smoke, and ozone impact the health of both Chicago residents and communities downwind. A NASA-led mission looks to help by mapping air pollutants at a neighborhood scale.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Credits: <\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA\/Kathleen Gaeta<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>It was a hazy August day on Chicago\u2019s South Side, and Nedra Sims Fears was hosting a small gathering to talk about the air. Interstate-94, which bisects her Chatham neighborhood, hummed nearby.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis was the summer I spent watching summer out my window,\u201d Fears said.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s because asthma runs in her family, and smoke from wildfires in Canada had wafted into Chicago, making it difficult for her to breathe. Many of her neighbors don\u2019t have air conditioning, which means they don\u2019t have the luxury of shutting their windows against the tiny hazardous particles contained in the smoke.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1368\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 not-transparent\" alt=\"Nedra Fears and atmospheric scientist Scott Collis of Argonne National Laboratory.\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"eager\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=768,513 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=1024,684 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=1536,1026 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=2048,1368 2048w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=600,401 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=1200,802 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dsc00547.jpg?resize=2000,1336 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"7f8873\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Scott Collis of Argonne National Laboratory, left, and community leader Nedra Sims Fears work to advance urban resilience through science. They collaborated with NASA during the STAQS air quality mission in Chicago.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Kathleen Gaeta<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The fine particles, called PM2.5, are more than 35 times smaller than a grain of sand and can infiltrate deep into lung tissue. They degrade air quality in Chicago neighborhoods that are already disproportionately exposed to fossil fuel emissions. These include South and West Side neighborhoods located near highways, warehouses, and intermodal facilities, where freight-loaded trains and trucks converge. Thousands of such facilities are spread throughout Illinois, and they are hot spots of diesel exhaust and nitrogen oxides.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWalking down the road, you see truck after truck after truck going into these facilities,\u201d said Fears, who leads the Greater Chatham Initiative to revitalize a host of South Side neighborhoods. \u201cThose neighborhoods live with day-to-day air pollution. It doesn\u2019t take Canada being on fire for them to suffer.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block\">\n<div class=\"blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 3000 3000\" xml:space=\"preserve\"> <g> <path d=\"M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z\"><\/path><path d=\"M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"blockquote-content\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 class=\"font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm\"><span class=\"section-heading-sm\">This was the summer I spent watching summer out my window.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex\">\n<div class=\"blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail not-transparent\" alt=\"Nedra Sims Fears\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg 977w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/nedra-sims-fears.jpg?resize=900,900 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"576a5d\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-11\">\n<p class=\"blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0\">Nedra Sims Fears<\/p>\n<p class=\"blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0\">Chicago community leader<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The result is that residents of Chicago and communities downwind are breathing harmful air pollutants including PM2.5, fossil fuel emissions, and smog. These pollutants move throughout the atmosphere and change by the hour, periodically exceeding the levels considered safe by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.<\/p>\n<p>A version of this story plays out in every city in America. In New York and Los Angeles, tailpipe emissions spew from congested streets. In Phoenix, record-breaking heat stokes ozone formation. In port cities like Baltimore and Houston, emissions from ships, as well as oil refineries and chemical plants, contribute to dirty air.<\/p>\n<p>While air quality monitors are distributed throughout the country, they are sparse in some regions, which means they cannot tell every neighborhood\u2019s story. A NASA mission aims to change that with new tools to monitor air pollutants from the streets to the stratosphere.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>STAQing Up Observations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed alignwide is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>NASA and NOAA, among other agencies, worked together this summer through the STAQS and AEROMMA missions to calibrate and validate NASA\u2019s new TEMPO satellite. The satellite and missions combined aim to not only better measure air quality, and the major pollutants that impact it, but also to improve air quality, from street to stratosphere. This effort was documented during the August 2023 campaign leg, which took place over the Chicago region.<\/em> Credit: NASA\/Kathleen Gaeta<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Several thousand feet above the Fears\u2019 home, one of the largest flying laboratories in the world circled the skies over Chicago.<\/p>\n<p>The plane \u2013 NASA\u2019s four-engine DC-8 jet \u2013 is a storied research craft. Over the past 25 years it has supported field campaigns across all seven continents. On this August 2023 day, it carried 40 researchers and a pack of scientific instruments investigating air pollution over the cities and pasturelands of the Midwest.<\/p>\n<p>From his seat over the wing, Barry Lefer watched the city\u2019s iconic skyline rise from Lake Michigan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAir pollution has dramatically improved across the U.S. in the past few decades due to environmental regulations, but some communities are still hot spots of poor air quality,\u201d said Lefer, head of the Tropospheric Composition Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers onboard \u2013 from NASA, NOAA, and multiple universities \u2013 converged this summer on cities across North America. In <a href=\"https:\/\/csl.noaa.gov\/projects\/ages\/collaborations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">coordinated research campaigns<\/a>, they studied a range of air pollutants from industrial emissions to volatile chemical products used in cleaning agents and personal care items.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img width=\"2048\" height=\"1368\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 not-transparent\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg 4240w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=768,513 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=1024,684 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=1536,1026 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=2048,1368 2048w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=600,401 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=1200,802 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/edited.jpg?resize=2000,1336 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"685f4a\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Crew member Matt Berry of NASA Armstrong smiles from the communications switchboard of NASA\u2019s DC-8 airplane during a research flight over the Upper Midwest. Credit: NASA\/Kathleen Gaeta<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>NASA\u2019s part of the mission was called <a href=\"https:\/\/www-air.larc.nasa.gov\/missions\/staqs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">STAQS<\/a>, short for Synergistic TEMPO Air Quality Science, and it focused on Chicago, New York City, Los Angeles, and Toronto. STAQS included two Gulfstream jets equipped with state-of-the-art sensors and ground crews deployed in mobile research trailers across the country.<\/p>\n<p>At the heart of the mission were two overarching questions: How do air pollutants change and move through the atmosphere, and which communities are disproportionately exposed?<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Vivid New Picture<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>2023 was a noteworthy summer for another reason: More than 22,000 miles above Earth\u2019s surface, a new NASA-funded instrument started scanning Earth. <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/tempo\" rel=\"noopener\">TEMPO<\/a>, short for Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution, is the first space-based instrument designed to continuously measure daytime air quality over North America at the resolution of a few square miles. TEMPO launched in April, and NASA and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/news-release\/nasa-shares-first-images-from-us-pollution-monitoring-instrument\/\">released its first data maps<\/a> in August.<\/p>\n<div class=\"width-full maxw-full margin-left-auto margin-right-auto hds-media-align-wide hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-video\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full flex-column\">\n<div class=\"hds-video-container width-full embed-container\">\n\t\t\t<!-- <svg class=\"hds-video-play-button\" version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"72px\" height=\"72px\" viewBox=\"0 0 72 72\"><circle fill=\"#fff\" cx=\"36\" cy=\"36\" r=\"36\" \/><polygon fill=\"#000\" points=\"26.3,21.6 50.1,35.6 26.3,49.7 \" \/><\/svg> --><br \/>\n\t\t\t<video class=\"video-js video-player vjs-fluid width-full\" data-setup='{\"controls\":true,\"loop\":true,\"preload\":\"metadata\",\"plugins\":{\"mux\":{\"debug\":false,\"data\":{\"env_key\":\"91nns8oppqdfqc44lgo4b1gni\",\"player_name\":\"www.nasa.gov Player\",\"video_name\":\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/tempo-no2-north-america-1080p60.mp4\"}}}}' preload=\"none\"><source src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/tempo-no2-north-america-1080p60.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/p>\n<p class=\"vjs-no-js\"> To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/videojs.com\/html5-video-support\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">supports HTML5 video<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p><track label=\"English\" kind=\"subtitles\" srclang=\"en\" src=\"\" default><\/track><\/video>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hds-media-caption hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption p-sm margin-0\">\n<div>The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument measures sunlight reflected and scattered off the Earth\u2019s surface, clouds and the atmosphere. Gases in the atmosphere absorb the sunlight, and the resulting spectra are then used to determine the amounts of several gases in the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, including nitrogen dioxide. Credit: NASA\u2019s Scientific Visualization Studio\/Kel Elkins<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>TEMPO plus field campaigns like STAQS are giving scientists a more vivid picture of the air pollutants that contribute to disease and premature deaths in the U.S. These include nitrogen oxides, a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion commonly emitted by tailpipes and smokestacks; aerosols such as dust and soot particles; volatile organic compounds; and heat-trapping greenhouse gases such as methane and water vapor. As that new data is gathered and analyzed, air pollution scientists will have details down to a level that matters to people on the street.<\/p>\n<p>The data will be freely accessible, Lefer said, and particularly useful to researchers, state agencies, and local policymakers working to develop solutions. \u201cThe hope is that the detailed new data we\u2019re collecting will help communities make their air safer to breathe,\u201d Lefer said.<\/p>\n<p>Ground-level ozone, a main ingredient in smog, is a particularly compelling target for Lefer and the STAQS team. While ozone high in the atmosphere protects Earth from dangerous solar radiation, ground-level ozone aggravates respiratory diseases. It often spikes after rush hour, as nitrogen oxides react with chemicals called volatile organic compounds and sunlight. Each year, ground-level ozone and PM2.5 particles lead to more than 100,000 premature deaths and billions of dollars in annual damages in the U.S, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/safety\/airquality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">according to the National Weather Service<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In the Chicago area, Lake Michigan\u2019s powerful influence on local weather and winds cause ozone plumes to \u201ctravel on air currents, causing pollution levels to exceed EPA standards in rural communities hundreds of miles away,\u201d Lefer said.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img width=\"2048\" height=\"1333\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 not-transparent\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg 3840w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=300,195 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=768,500 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=1024,667 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=1536,1000 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=2048,1333 2048w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=400,260 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=600,391 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=900,586 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=1200,781 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-2-ozone-text-v01.jpg?resize=2000,1302 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"8eb0ac\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Chemicals emitted from cars, trucks and factories react with sunlight and heat to form ozone, a key ingredient of smog. Plumes of ozone then get pushed by lake breezes into rural communities. Credit: NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center\/Conceptual Image Lab<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Plume Over the Prairie<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>A short drive up Interstate-94 from Chicago, ozone was on the mind of Todd McKinney, who was scrambling in the dark. A raging Lake Michigan storm had knocked out power in his research trailer nestled in a Wisconsin prairie blooming with wildflowers just across the state line from Illinois. McKinney, a graduate student from the University of Alabama-Huntsville, was trying to get the lights back on before members of a Wisconsin environmental agency arrived for a tour.<\/p>\n<p>For much of the summer, he has been living and working in the trailer, which is one part camper van, two parts high-tech laboratory. Its centerpiece is a custom-built lidar for measuring ozone in different layers of the lower atmosphere, also known as the troposphere. The mobile facility is part of NASA\u2019s Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (<a href=\"https:\/\/www-air.larc.nasa.gov\/missions\/TOLNet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TOLNet<\/a>), a high-powered array of lasers used to identify and locate air pollutants.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block\">\n<div class=\"blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 3000 3000\" xml:space=\"preserve\"> <g> <path d=\"M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z\"><\/path><path d=\"M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"blockquote-content\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 class=\"font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm\"><span class=\"section-heading-sm\">Is the ozone that we\u2019re seeing coming from an industrial source or the whole city? Is it caused by people idling in their cars at rush hour? We don\u2019t know yet, but we\u2019re working to track it back.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex\">\n<div class=\"blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/profile-icon.png?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail not-transparent\" alt=\"Todd McKinney\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/profile-icon.png 150w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/profile-icon.png?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/profile-icon.png?resize=100,100 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"4c88b8\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-11\">\n<p class=\"blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0\">Todd McKinney<\/p>\n<p class=\"blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0\">University of Alabama, Huntsville Graduate Student<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The instruments were originally designed to be stationary. But McKinney said that the development of TEMPO was an inspiration for many researchers, who wanted to get out into the field and contribute real-time data to the summer\u2019s air quality campaign. The trailer he\u2019s working from has been in the making for 10 years \u2013 ever since the first announcement of TEMPO. Such ground-based measurements \u2014 which also include hourly drone flights and a continual stream of high-altitude weather balloons \u2014 help crosscheck the early data coming down from TEMPO in space.<\/p>\n<p>Located downwind from Chicago, shoreline areas like Chiwaukee Prairie are occasionally dosed with ozone that has blown in from the city, he said. But the source is often difficult to pinpoint.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIs the ozone that we\u2019re seeing coming from an industrial source or the whole city?\u201d he said. \u201cIs it caused by people idling in their cars at rush hour? We don\u2019t know yet, but we\u2019re working to track it back.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And tracking it back is the first step to developing a solution.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Empowering communities<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Using advanced computer modeling to map air pollution hotspots across Chicago, a research team from Northwestern University found that neighborhoods alongside Lake Michigan <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2022JD037942\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">experience more ground-level ozone pollution<\/a> than the rest of the city. The researchers also found that neighborhoods located near highways like I-94 experience twice the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and dust than communities with the best air quality in the city.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img width=\"2048\" height=\"1386\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 not-transparent\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg 3840w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=300,203 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=768,520 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=1024,693 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=1536,1040 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=2048,1386 2048w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=400,271 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=600,406 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=900,609 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=1200,812 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/aq-illustration-3-truckidling-text-v02.jpg?resize=2000,1354 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"98948b\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The growth of online shopping and same-day delivery warehouses comes at a cost to air quality, with nearby homes taking on the burden of pollution. Credit: NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center\/Conceptual Image Lab<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cEmpowering communities with data is an environmental justice issue,\u201d said Daniel Horton, assistant professor in the department of earth and planetary sciences at Northwestern, who leads this research. He hopes that NASA measurements will inform clean-air solutions, such as the electrification of heavy-duty trucks and buses, and more green space in urban neighborhoods.<\/p>\n<p>Air pollution is not an intractable problem, emphasized Zac Adelman, whose regional consortium works with state agencies in the Upper Midwest to improve air quality. The solution lies in devoting resources where they\u2019ll be most effective.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe question is, what do we control?\u201d said Adelman, executive director of the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium. \u201cWhat are the sources that we need to be concerned about, and what\u2019s actionable information that we can bring to the state regulators and to the federal government, too?\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block\">\n<div class=\"blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 3000 3000\" xml:space=\"preserve\"> <g> <path d=\"M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z\"><\/path><path d=\"M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"blockquote-content\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 class=\"font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm\"><span class=\"section-heading-sm\">Empowering communities with data is an environmental justice issue.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex\">\n<div class=\"blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/profile-icon.png?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail not-transparent\" alt=\"Daniel Horton\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/profile-icon.png 150w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/profile-icon.png?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/profile-icon.png?resize=100,100 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"4c88b8\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-11\">\n<p class=\"blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0\">Daniel Horton<\/p>\n<p class=\"blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0\">Northwestern University professor and researcher<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cThe STAQS campaign and associated monitoring activities that are growing up around it are giving us an opportunity to try to answer those questions,\u201d he added. \u201cThat\u2019s a pretty empowering concept, right?\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sacred Space Requires Clean Air<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Back in her living room, Nedra Fears and atmospheric scientist Scott Collis of Argonne National Laboratory discussed how more trees, open spaces, and green rooftops might improve air quality in hard-hit neighborhoods. It\u2019s part of a project they\u2019re collaborating on called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.anl.gov\/crocus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CROCUS<\/a>, short for Community Research on Climate and Urban Science.<\/p>\n<p>Combining scientific research and community guidance, the CROCUS team studies climate challenges in urban Chicago. Community input is critical, Collis said, to identify questions and topics \u2013 from localized flooding to heat waves \u2013 and ensure that research results directly benefit local residents. The team contributed to the summer\u2019s air quality campaign using a network of sensors deployed throughout the region. CROCUS is funded by the Department of Energy.<\/p>\n<p>Air quality is a complicated issue, but for Fears, the goal is simple. She wants to go on morning walks with her husband. She wants her neighbors\u2019 concerns to be heard. Mostly, she wants to breathe clean air in her own living room, not shut the windows against the pollution she can often feel at the back of her throat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou don\u2019t want that pollution in your house,\u201d she said. \u201cYour house is your sacred space where you can be joyful and well.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Story by Sally Younger. \u00a0Video and stills by Kathleen Gaeta.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\/missions\/earth-missions\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth Science Missions<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img width=\"900\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png?w=900\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 has-transparency\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA_logo.png?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" data-dominant-color=\"172337\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/climate-change\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Climate Change<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">NASA is a global leader in studying Earth\u2019s changing climate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 not-transparent\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp 4272w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"91a3af\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/in-action\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth Science in Action<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">NASA\u2019s unique vantage point helps us inform solutions to enhance decision-making, improve livelihoods, and protect our planet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"307\" src=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 not-transparent\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=300,60 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=768,154 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=1024,205 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=1536,307 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=2048,410 2048w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=400,80 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=600,120 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=900,180 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=1200,240 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=2000,400 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"333638\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Earth\u2014our home planet\u2014is the only place we know of so far that\u2019s inhabited by living things.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_c hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\t<!-- This should be a block --><\/p>\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-twitter  social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/\" aria-label=\"Link to X.\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewbox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z\" fill=\"white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/\" aria-label=\"Link to Facebook.\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/linkedin.com\/\" aria-label=\"Link to LinkedIn.\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" 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53.332031-53.332031c0-29.398438-23.914062-53.335938-53.332031-53.335938zm0 0\"><\/path><path d=\"m154.667969 256c0 38.292969-31.042969 69.332031-69.335938 69.332031-38.289062 0-69.332031-31.039062-69.332031-69.332031s31.042969-69.332031 69.332031-69.332031c38.292969 0 69.335938 31.039062 69.335938 69.332031zm0 0\"><\/path><path d=\"m85.332031 341.332031c-47.058593 0-85.332031-38.269531-85.332031-85.332031s38.273438-85.332031 85.332031-85.332031c47.0625 0 85.335938 38.269531 85.335938 85.332031s-38.273438 85.332031-85.335938 85.332031zm0-138.664062c-29.417969 0-53.332031 23.933593-53.332031 53.332031s23.914062 53.332031 53.332031 53.332031c29.421875 0 53.335938-23.933593 53.335938-53.332031s-23.914063-53.332031-53.335938-53.332031zm0 0\"><\/path><path d=\"m135.703125 245.761719c-7.425781 0-14.636719-3.863281-18.5625-10.773438-5.824219-10.21875-2.238281-23.253906 7.980469-29.101562l197.949218-112.851563c10.21875-5.867187 23.253907-2.28125 29.101563 7.976563 5.824219 10.21875 2.238281 23.253906-7.980469 29.101562l-197.953125 112.851563c-3.328125 1.898437-6.953125 2.796875-10.535156 2.796875zm0 0\"><\/path><path d=\"m333.632812 421.761719c-3.585937 0-7.210937-.898438-10.539062-2.796875l-197.953125-112.851563c-10.21875-5.824219-13.800781-18.859375-7.976563-29.101562 5.800782-10.238281 18.855469-13.84375 29.097657-7.976563l197.953125 112.851563c10.21875 5.824219 13.800781 18.859375 7.976562 29.101562-3.945312 6.910157-11.15625 10.773438-18.558594 10.773438zm0 0\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">\n\t\t\t\t\tOct 24, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Editor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">\n\t\t\t\t\tKevin Ward\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Contact<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-3\">\n<div> <\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"article-tags\">\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/category\/earth\/earth-atmosphere\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth\u2019s Atmosphere<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/tempo\" rel=\"noopener\">Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wpematico_credit\"><small>Powered by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpematico.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WPeMatico<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/a-tale-of-three-pollutants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get The Details&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freight, smoke, and ozone impact the health of both Chicago residents and communities downwind. 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