{"id":9361,"date":"2023-10-24T12:03:20","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T16:03:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/goddard-engineers-improve-nasa-lidar-tech-for-exploration\/"},"modified":"2023-10-24T12:03:20","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T16:03:20","slug":"goddard-engineers-improve-nasa-lidar-tech-for-exploration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/goddard-engineers-improve-nasa-lidar-tech-for-exploration\/","title":{"rendered":"Goddard Engineers Improve NASA Lidar Tech for Exploration"},"content":{"rendered":"

Goddard Engineers Improve NASA Lidar Tech for Exploration<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Like a sonar using light instead of sound, lidar technology increasingly helps NASA scientists and explorers with remote sensing and surveying, mapping, 3D-image scanning, hazard detection and avoidance, and navigation.<\/p>\n

Cutting edge innovations by NASA researchers seek to refine lidars into smaller, lighter, more versatile tools for exploration.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are a lot of flavors of lidar right now,\u201d said Cheryl Gramling, assistant chief for technology at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u201cIt\u2019s such an important technology because of the precision and versatility that it offers.\u201d<\/p>\n

Light detection and ranging, or lidar, is a remote sensing technology related to sonar and radar. Lidar uses pulses of light to measure distances and properties of objects accurately, by measuring the time it takes the light to reflect back to the lidar sensor.<\/p>\n

Goddard innovators are looking to expand the usefulness of lidar applications in communication and navigation, planetary exploration, and space operations. Here are a few of the current investigations.<\/p>\n

Foldable, Flat Lidar Optics<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"Origami-inspired<\/figure>
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A prototype origami-pattern deployment sequence is demonstrated by graduate students Brandon Sargent (left) and Carolina Wright (right) of Brigham Young University. It shows the large expansion capability and the flexibility in the overall architecture. <\/div>\n
Brigham Young University \/ Larry L. Howell<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Research engineer Mark Stephen is developing a deployable, segmented telescope to capture the returning light signal using state-of-the-art flat-panel optics organized in foldable, origami-inspired panels. Working with researchers at Brigham Young University, their team seeks to provide future missions with the benefits of lidar technology without the current technologies\u2019 high cost and limited efficiency.<\/p>\n

Lidar typically is a high-cost technology that may not make the cut for tomorrow\u2019s smaller, lighter, and more efficient missions. Size, weight, and power demands limit the technology\u2019s ability to be implemented in more missions.<\/p>\n

\u201cMost people want really high performance,\u201d Stephen said, \u201cBut they want it in a small, light, and power-efficient package. We\u2019re trying to find the best balance, and cost matters. Often the cost comes more from the size, weight, and power than it does from the actual development if we\u2019re launching something into space. That is where it gets expensive.\u201d<\/p>\n

Stephen is wrapping up a three-year effort to improve lidars through a Radical Innovation Initiative grant within Goddard\u2019s Internal Research and Development (IRAD) program. Their project has been picked up by NASA\u2019s Earth Science Technology Office<\/a> to fund further improvements.<\/p>\n

Typically, lidar receivers depend on bulky lenses to capture light, each lens needs a specific curvature and size to bend the light, in addition to the structures which hold the lenses, and other mechanics, Stephen said. Larger lenses are more effective, and that is where lidar technology tends to get heavy.<\/p>\n

Flat optics use new types of nano-structured materials to manipulate individual photons, he said. These meta-materials allow thin and lightweight optics to perform the same functions as much larger and more expensive three-dimensional counterparts.<\/p>\n

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\"meta<\/figure>
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Silica wafers covered with structures smaller than the wavelengths of incoming light, these \u201cmeta-atomic\u201d structures allow the lightweight, flat panel to perform the functions of lenses and mirrors without their bulk.<\/div>\n
Nano Letters \/ L. Zhang, S. Chang, X. Chen, Y. Ding, T. Rahman, Y. Duan, M. Stephen, and X. Ni<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u201cWe are working toward being able to have a family of instruments where we have some flexibility and agility to meet the needs of a given mission,\u201d Stephen said. \u201cWe want to develop a tool where you can make a better trade in terms of size, weight and power versus performance.\u201d<\/p>\n

One Laser, Many Wavelengths<\/strong><\/p>\n

Goddard engineer Guangning Yang is looking to improve lidar by producing multiple wavelengths of light from a single beam. Most modern lidars use multiple beams of a single wavelength to increase their accuracy.<\/p>\n

Yang is the primary investigator for CASALS, or Concurrent Artificially intelligent Spectrometry and Adaptive Lidar System, a lidar technology that can sweep a large area more efficiently.<\/p>\n

CASALS starts with one laser pulse, but instead of splitting that pulse into the many directions it needs to travel, their technology changes the wavelength of the laser at a very high speed. The different wavelengths of light then exit the laser transmitter at different angles based on their wavelength.<\/p>\n

This pulse sequence produces a broom-like array sweeping across the object, landscape, or celestial body being studied.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have improved the efficiency,\u201d Yang said, \u201cand that will allow us to reduce the instrument\u2019s size dramatically.\u201d<\/p>\n

Along with improvements in efficiency, CASALS is smaller than a typical lidar instrument. Yang said CASALS could help provide higher-density mapping of Earth and of other planets and moons as well as assisting with autonomous descents and landings.<\/p>\n

Both flat optics and wavelength scanning offer new possibilities for lidar technology and are part of an array of investigations expected to unlock new opportunities in science and navigating distant worlds, Gramling said.<\/p>\n

By Elizabeth Markham<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\nKarl B. Hille <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lidar technology improvements will help NASA scientists and explorers with remote sensing and surveying, mapping, 3D-image scanning, hazard detection and avoidance, and navigation. Continue reading → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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