{"id":16606,"date":"2026-10-23T02:02:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T06:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/el-nino-then-and-now\/"},"modified":"2026-10-23T02:02:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T06:02:22","slug":"el-nino-then-and-now","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/el-nino-then-and-now\/","title":{"rendered":"El Ni\u00f1o Then and Now"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">El Ni\u00f1o Then and Now<\/h2>\n<p><!-- no image --><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex 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class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/subscribe\" rel=\"noopener\">Subscribe<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/subscribe\/feeds\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udedc RSS<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/contact-the-eo\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Contact Us<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/search\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Search<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-spacer\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-before-after\">\n<div class=\"NasaBlocksImageBeforeAfterBlock grid-container grid-row grid-container-block bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 padding-y-6 margin-x-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"padding-x-0 grid-col-12\">\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- curtain view --><\/p>\n<div class=\"img-comparison-slider-parent comparison-view-active\">\n\t\t\t\t<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\">october 13, 1997<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-after\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\">october 12, 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- toggle view --><\/p>\n<div class=\"toggle-comparison-parent\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- if image_1 is active the show image_1 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-before-image toggle-view-active\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg\/jcr:content\/renditions\/cq5dam.web.1280.1280.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"Side-by-side maps of the Pacific Ocean compare sea surface height anomalies in October 1997 (left) and October 2026 (right). In both, red areas of higher-than-normal sea surface height stretch across the central and eastern Pacific and reach South America.\" loading=\"eager\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1280w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=319&amp;h=319&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 319w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=300&amp;h=300&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=400&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=600&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Sea levels are higher than normal across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific in October 2026 (right), a hallmark of El Ni\u00f1o. The pattern closely resembles October 1997 (left), during another one of the strongest El Ni\u00f1o events in the satellite altimetry record.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA Earth Observatory \/ Lauren Dauphin<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- if image_2 is active the show image_2 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-after-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg\/jcr:content\/renditions\/cq5dam.web.1280.1280.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"Side-by-side maps of the Pacific Ocean compare sea surface height anomalies in October 1997 (left) and October 2026 (right). In both, red areas of higher-than-normal sea surface height stretch across the central and eastern Pacific and reach South America.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1280w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=319&amp;h=319&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 319w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=300&amp;h=300&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=400&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=600&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Sea levels are higher than normal across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific in October 2026 (right), a hallmark of El Ni\u00f1o. The pattern closely resembles October 1997 (left), during another one of the strongest El Ni\u00f1o events in the satellite altimetry record.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA Earth Observatory \/ Lauren Dauphin<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<div class=\"toggle-button-container padding-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle-view-before-button toggle-comparison-view-active margin-right-1px\"><span class=\"toggle-view-before-label\">october 13, 1997<\/span><\/button><button class=\"toggle-view-after-button margin-left-1px\"><span class=\"toggle-view-after-label\">october 12, 2026<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- 2-up view --><\/p>\n<div class=\"two-up-view position-relative bg-carbon-10\">\n<div class=\"grid-row\">\n<div class=\"grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg\/jcr:content\/renditions\/cq5dam.web.1280.1280.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"Side-by-side maps of the Pacific Ocean compare sea surface height anomalies in October 1997 (left) and October 2026 (right). In both, red areas of higher-than-normal sea surface height stretch across the central and eastern Pacific and reach South America.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1280w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=319&amp;h=319&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 319w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=300&amp;h=300&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=400&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013.jpg?w=600&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Sea levels are higher than normal across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific in October 2026 (right), a hallmark of El Ni\u00f1o. The pattern closely resembles October 1997 (left), during another one of the strongest El Ni\u00f1o events in the satellite altimetry record.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA Earth Observatory \/ Lauren Dauphin<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bg-spacesuit-white width-2px\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg\/jcr:content\/renditions\/cq5dam.web.1280.1280.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"Side-by-side maps of the Pacific Ocean compare sea surface height anomalies in October 1997 (left) and October 2026 (right). In both, red areas of higher-than-normal sea surface height stretch across the central and eastern Pacific and reach South America.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1280w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=319&amp;h=319&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 319w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=300&amp;h=300&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=400&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=600&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Sea levels are higher than normal across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific in October 2026 (right), a hallmark of El Ni\u00f1o. The pattern closely resembles October 1997 (left), during another one of the strongest El Ni\u00f1o events in the satellite altimetry record.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA Earth Observatory \/ Lauren Dauphin<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\toctober 13, 1997\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-after\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\toctober 12, 2026\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- Under image content --><\/p>\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-row title-row padding-x-2 desktop:padding-x-0 padding-top-2\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6\">\n<p class=\"before-after-heading margin-bottom-1\">\n<p class=\"before-after-subheading margin-top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOctober 13, 1997 \u2013 October 12, 2026\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 button-row margin-bottom-3 tablet:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Update onClick handlers --><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<button aria-label=\"Curtain view\" class=\"comparison-view curtain-view-button comparison-view-active padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1\">Curtain<\/button><button aria-label=\"Toggle view\" class=\"comparison-view toggle-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1\">Toggle<\/button><button aria-label=\"Two-Up view\" class=\"comparison-view two-up-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1\">2-Up<\/button>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t<!-- Image detail area --><\/p>\n<div class=\"image-details-panel padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"before-after-details-divider padding-y-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- OnClick handleImageDetailsClick --><button class=\"image-details-toggle-button\"><span>Image Details<\/span><!-- style - if showImageDetails, then transform rotate(180deg), else none --><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- if showImageDetails, then display --><\/p>\n<div class=\" padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row\">\n<div class=\"grid-col flex-2\">\n<div class=\"image-details-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSea levels are higher than normal across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific in October 2026 (right), a hallmark of El Ni\u00f1o. The pattern closely resembles October 1997 (left), during another one of the strongest El Ni\u00f1o events in the satellite altimetry record. Maps by NASA Earth Observatory\/Lauren Dauphin using altimetry data provided by NASA\/JPL-Caltech.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- File List --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El Ni\u00f1o is part of a natural climate pattern that occurs roughly every two to seven years, bringing warmer-than-normal water to parts of the equatorial Pacific. The most recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/products\/analysis_monitoring\/enso\/roni\/\" rel=\"noopener\">very strong<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/el-nino\/\" rel=\"noopener\">El Ni\u00f1o<\/a> events, in 1997-98 and 2015-16, upended weather patterns. Impacts spanned the planet, from <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/smoke-blankets-indonesia-86681\/\" rel=\"noopener\">fires in Indonesia<\/a> and the Amazon, to crop failures due to <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/drought-in-southern-africa-87434\/\" rel=\"noopener\">drought in southern Africa<\/a>, to <a href=\"https:\/\/svs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/4416\" rel=\"noopener\">heavy rain<\/a> and coastal flooding in Southern California. The <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-is-underway\/\" rel=\"noopener\">current El Ni\u00f1o<\/a> rivals these past heavyweights.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every El Ni\u00f1o grows from a feedback loop between the atmosphere and the ocean. Trade winds normally keep warm water piled up in the western Pacific, where it stands higher than in the east. When those winds weaken, that warm water begins to pulse eastward, which further weakens and sometimes reverses the winds, allowing even more warm water to move east. The cycle intensifies as waters continue to warm and pile up in the central and eastern Pacific.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But each El Ni\u00f1o has its own character, shaped by where in the Pacific the warmth builds and how the atmosphere responds. \u201cThe search for the \u2018typical\u2019 El Ni\u00f1o is very elusive,\u201d said Josh Willis, project scientist for sea level missions at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). \u201cThey\u2019re all different in terms of where they land and how their impacts play out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Altimetry satellites can track those differences by measuring the height of the sea surface. Because water expands as it warms, higher-than-normal sea levels in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific signal the buildup of heat associated with El Ni\u00f1o. The maps above depict\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov\/data\/el-nino-la-nina-watch-and-pdo\/data\/?page=0&amp;per_page=40&amp;order=publish_date+desc&amp;search=&amp;fancybox=true&amp;multi_item=true&amp;multi_item_match=publish_date&amp;multi_item_sort%5B%5D=stereographic&amp;multi_item_sort%5B%5D=mercator&amp;category=203\" rel=\"noopener\">sea surface height<\/a>\u00a0anomalies across the Pacific Ocean on October 13, 1997 (left), and on October 12, 2026 (right). Data are from the <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/topex-poseidon\/\" rel=\"noopener\">TOPEX\/Poseidon<\/a> satellite and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/missions\/sentinel-6\" rel=\"noopener\">Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich<\/a> satellite, respectively, and were processed by scientists at JPL.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shades of red indicate where sea levels were higher than average. Normal sea level conditions appear white, and lower areas are blue. Signals related to seasonal cycles and long-term trends have been removed to highlight sea level anomalies associated with El Ni\u00f1o and other short-term natural phenomena.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhat\u2019s unique about altimetry is that we have a 35-year record from nearly identical satellites flying almost the same ground track, with each mission overlapping the next,\u201d Willis said. \u201cThat lets us look back in time and compare this El Ni\u00f1o to what happened in 1997. And right now, this one is on track to be even bigger.\u201d <\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compared with the 1997-98 event, El Ni\u00f1o in 2026 came on much more suddenly. But as of October, the two events appear similar in character\u2014the tilt of sea level (low in the west and high in the east) and high, warm water extending all the way to South America\u2014so Willis thinks the impacts could be similar as well. In 1997-98, that meant, for instance, lots of rain in California and across the southern tier of the U.S.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninotriptych_sen6_20261012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Three stacked maps of the Pacific Ocean compare sea surface height anomalies in October 1997 (top), October 2015 (middle), and October 2026 (bottom). In 1997 and 2026, dark red areas of exceptionally high sea surface height extend across the eastern Pacific and pile up against the coast of South America. In 2015, the dark red stays farther offshore and does not reach the coast. (opens in a new tab)\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"1970\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninotriptych_sen6_20261012.jpg?w=1440&amp;h=1970&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1440x1970 size-1440x1970\" alt=\"Three stacked maps of the Pacific Ocean compare sea surface height anomalies in October 1997 (top), October 2015 (middle), and October 2026 (bottom). In 1997 and 2026, dark red areas of exceptionally high sea surface height extend across the eastern Pacific and pile up against the coast of South America. In 2015, the dark red stays farther offshore and does not reach the coast.\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The 2015-16 El Ni\u00f1o was also very strong, as elevated sea levels in October 2015 (middle) show. But its pattern differed from those in October 1997 (top) and October 2026 (bottom): less of the elevated water reached the coast of South America, which contributed to different weather patterns that year.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2015-16 El Ni\u00f1o was another heavy hitter but differed in its character. Sea surface height anomalies on October 12, 2015, based on altimetry data from the <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/jason-2-ostm\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Jason-2<\/a>\u00a0satellite, are shown above in context with maps from around the same time in 1997 and 2026. In 2015, the exceptionally warm, high water along the equator didn\u2019t push up against South America to the extent it did in the other years. Rainfall impacts that winter concentrated more over Central America and the southeastern U.S., with significant flooding in Mexico.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NOAA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/products\/analysis_monitoring\/enso_advisory\/ensodisc.shtml\" rel=\"noopener\">El Ni\u00f1o outlook<\/a> on October 8, 2026, called for an 83 percent chance of a strong-to-very strong El Ni\u00f1o through the first three months of 2027. But exactly how the impacts will play out in winter 2026-27 and beyond remains to be seen. Willis noted that El Ni\u00f1o\u2019s influence propagates through a chaotic atmosphere, and the signal can get muddled as it extends beyond the tropics. \u201cThere\u2019s always a bit of a dice roll here,\u201d Willis said. \u201cJust because this El Ni\u00f1o looks like 1997 doesn\u2019t mean it will be exactly the same\u2014it\u2019s just our best guess at the moment.\u201d<\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>NASA Earth Observatory <\/em>maps<em> by Lauren Dauphin, using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/data\/projects\/nasa-ssh\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA-SSH<\/a> altimetry data provided by Josh Willis, Severine Fournier, and Kevin Marlis, NASA\/JPL-Caltech. Story by Kathryn Hansen.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-featured-file-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module align wp-block-nasa-blocks-file-list\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row width-full margin-bottom-4\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDownloads\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col display-flex flex-align-center desktop:flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-row hds-file-list-row\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-thumbnail hds-file-list-thumbnail\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-thumbnail-inner hds-file-list-thumbnail-inner hds-cover-wrapper\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"319\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013_lrg.jpg\/jcr:content\/renditions\/cq5dam.thumbnail.319.319.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Side-by-side maps of the Pacific Ocean compare sea surface height anomalies in October 1997 (left) and October 2026 (right). In both, red areas of higher-than-normal sea surface height stretch across the central and eastern Pacific and reach South America.\" loading=\"lazy\" data-video-loop=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013_lrg.jpg?w=319&amp;h=319&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 319w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013_lrg.jpg?w=300&amp;h=300&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 319px) 100vw, 319px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-details\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-name hds-file-list-name\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-22\">October 13, 1997<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-meta\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-meta-item hds-list-date hds-file-list-date\">\n<p class=\"p-sm\">\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-meta-item hds-file-list-filetype\">\n<p class=\"p-sm\">JPEG (1.22 MB)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-cta hds-file-list-download\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Download October 13, 1997\" href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_19971013_lrg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" download rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-row hds-file-list-row\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-thumbnail hds-file-list-thumbnail\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-thumbnail-inner hds-file-list-thumbnail-inner hds-cover-wrapper\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"319\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20151012_lrg.jpg\/jcr:content\/renditions\/cq5dam.thumbnail.319.319.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"The 2015-16 El Ni\u00f1o was also very strong, as elevated sea levels in October 2015 show.\" loading=\"lazy\" data-video-loop=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20151012_lrg.jpg?w=319&amp;h=319&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 319w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20151012_lrg.jpg?w=300&amp;h=300&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 319px) 100vw, 319px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-details\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-name hds-file-list-name\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-22\">October 12, 2015<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-meta\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-meta-item hds-list-date hds-file-list-date\">\n<p class=\"p-sm\">\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-meta-item hds-file-list-filetype\">\n<p class=\"p-sm\">JPEG (1.21 MB)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-cta hds-file-list-download\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Download October 12, 2015\" href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20151012_lrg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" download rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-row hds-file-list-row\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-thumbnail hds-file-list-thumbnail\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-thumbnail-inner hds-file-list-thumbnail-inner hds-cover-wrapper\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"319\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012_lrg.jpg\/jcr:content\/renditions\/cq5dam.thumbnail.319.319.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Side-by-side maps of the Pacific Ocean compare sea surface height anomalies in October 1997 (left) and October 2026 (right). In both, red areas of higher-than-normal sea surface height stretch across the central and eastern Pacific and reach South America.\" loading=\"lazy\" data-video-loop=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012_lrg.jpg?w=319&amp;h=319&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 319w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012_lrg.jpg?w=300&amp;h=300&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 319px) 100vw, 319px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-details\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-name hds-file-list-name\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-22\">October 12, 2026<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-meta\">\n<div class=\"hds-list-meta-item hds-list-date hds-file-list-date\">\n<p class=\"p-sm\">\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-meta-item hds-file-list-filetype\">\n<p class=\"p-sm\">JPEG (1.24 MB)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-list-cta hds-file-list-download\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Download October 12, 2026\" href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-then-and-now\/elninocomp_sen6_20261012_lrg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" download rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References &amp; Resources<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NASA Earth (2026, October 15) <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/nasa-satellites-observe-historic-2026-el-nino\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Satellites Observe Historic 2026 El Ni\u00f1o<\/a>. Accessed October 22, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>NASA Earth (2026, October 1) <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/el-nino\/\" rel=\"noopener\">El Ni\u00f1o<\/a>. Accessed October 22, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>NASA Earth Observatory (2026, June 18) <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-is-underway\/\" rel=\"noopener\">El Ni\u00f1o is Underway<\/a>. Accessed October 22, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2026, October) <a href=\"https:\/\/sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Ocean Surface Topography from Space<\/a>. Accessed October 22, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2026, October 21) <a href=\"https:\/\/sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov\/data\/el-nino-la-nina-watch-and-pdo\/el-nino-2026\/\" rel=\"noopener\">El Ni\u00f1o\/La Ni\u00f1a Watch &amp; PDO<\/a>. Accessed October 22, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>National Weather Service, Climate Prediction Center (2026, October 8) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/products\/analysis_monitoring\/enso_advisory\/ensodisc.shtml\" rel=\"noopener\">El Ni\u00f1o\/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Diagnostic Discussion<\/a>. Accessed October 22, 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"hds-content-lists-inner hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-content-lists\">\n<div class=\"hds-content-lists margin-y-3 padding-x-0 bg-spacesuit-white width-full maxw-full\" data-starting-query=\"{\" data-current-query=\"{\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-start margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<h2 class=\"section-heading-sm line-height-sm\">You may also be interested in:<\/h2>\n<p class=\"margin-top-0 margin-bottom-2 maxh-tablet\">Stay up-to-date with the latest content from NASA as we explore the universe and discover more about our home planet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block padding-0 margin-0 flex-justify-center\">\n<div class=\" grid-col-12\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 filter-tags-container\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"smd-orbit-loader\" role=\"status\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"orbit-plane\"><span class=\"orbit-dot\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-content-items hds-content-items-grid margin-top-2\" aria-live=\"polite\" data-rest-url=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/smd\/v1\/content-list\">\n<div class=\"hds-content-item content-list-item-post\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-is-underway\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-thumbnail\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  content-list-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=50&amp;h=33 50w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=100&amp;h=67 100w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=150&amp;h=100 150w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=200&amp;h=133 200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=300&amp;h=200 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=400&amp;h=267 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=600&amp;h=400 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=720&amp;h=480 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" data-no-id=\"true\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=300&amp;h=200\"><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-inner\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-is-underway\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-heading\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-a11y-heading-22\">El Ni\u00f1o Is Underway<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-readtime label margin-bottom-1\">\n                    4 min read                <\/div>\n<p class=\"margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">Satellite observations of sea surface height indicated that the 2026 event continued to strengthen in early June.<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-auto\"><span>Article<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item content-list-item-post\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-thumbnail\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  content-list-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/germanytide_oli2_20250815_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=50&amp;h=33 50w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/germanytide_oli2_20250815_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=100&amp;h=67 100w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/germanytide_oli2_20250815_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=150&amp;h=100 150w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/germanytide_oli2_20250815_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=200&amp;h=133 200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/germanytide_oli2_20250815_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=300&amp;h=200 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/germanytide_oli2_20250815_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=400&amp;h=267 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/germanytide_oli2_20250815_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=600&amp;h=400 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/germanytide_oli2_20250815_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=720&amp;h=480 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" data-no-id=\"true\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/germanytide_oli2_20250815_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=300&amp;h=200\"><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-inner\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/how-the-tide-turns-at-the-mouth-of-the-elbe\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-heading\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-a11y-heading-22\">How the Tide Turns at the Mouth of the Elbe<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-readtime label margin-bottom-1\">\n                    4 min read                <\/div>\n<p class=\"margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">The ocean\u2019s ebbs and flows reveal dynamic tidal flats and a well-traveled shipping route along the coast of Germany.<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-auto\"><span>Article<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item content-list-item-post\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-thumbnail\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  content-list-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o\u00a0alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/chlorophyll_pace_globes_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=50&amp;h=33 50w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o\u00a0alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/chlorophyll_pace_globes_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=100&amp;h=67 100w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o\u00a0alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/chlorophyll_pace_globes_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=150&amp;h=100 150w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o\u00a0alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/chlorophyll_pace_globes_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=200&amp;h=133 200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o\u00a0alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/chlorophyll_pace_globes_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=300&amp;h=200 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o\u00a0alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/chlorophyll_pace_globes_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=400&amp;h=267 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o\u00a0alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/chlorophyll_pace_globes_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=600&amp;h=400 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o\u00a0alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/chlorophyll_pace_globes_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=720&amp;h=480 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" data-no-id=\"true\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o%C2%A0alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/chlorophyll_pace_globes_th.jpg?fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&amp;w=300&amp;h=200\"><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-inner\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-alters-marine-life-in-the-pacific\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-heading\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-a11y-heading-22\">El Ni\u00f1o\u00a0Alters Marine Life in the Pacific<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-readtime label margin-bottom-1\">\n                    5 min read                <\/div>\n<p class=\"margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">Satellite measurements of chlorophyll at the sea surface signal shifts in the ocean\u2019s nutrient supplies in mid-2026.<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-auto\"><span>Article<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pagination\">\n<nav class=\"hds-pagination hds-pagination--content-lists\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Pagination Navigation\" data-mid-size=\"2\" data-end-size=\"1\" data-max-pages=\"4\">\n<span aria-current=\"page\" class=\"page-numbers current\" aria-label=\"Current Page, Page 1\" data-page-number=\"1\"><br \/>\n<span>1<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-then-and-now\/#\" aria-label=\"Goto Page 2\" data-page-number=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span>2<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-then-and-now\/#\" aria-label=\"Goto Page 3\" data-page-number=\"3\"><br \/>\n<span>3<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-then-and-now\/#\" aria-label=\"Goto Page 4\" data-page-number=\"4\"><br \/>\n<span>4<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<a class=\"next page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-then-and-now\/#\" aria-label=\"Goto Next Page\" data-page-number=\"2\">Next<\/a><br \/>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More from NASA Earth Science<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/subscribe\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Subscribe to Earth Observatory Newsletters<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Subscribe to the Earth Observatory and get the Earth in your inbox.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/about\/NASA-EO-Logo-mediumBlue2016-stacked-mark.png?w=585&amp;h=425&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-585x425 size-585x425\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/about\/NASA-EO-Logo-mediumBlue2016-stacked-mark.png?w=585&amp;h=425&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 585w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/about\/NASA-EO-Logo-mediumBlue2016-stacked-mark.png?w=300&amp;h=218&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/about\/NASA-EO-Logo-mediumBlue2016-stacked-mark.png?w=400&amp;h=291&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/image-of-the-day\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth Observatory Image of the Day<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">NASA\u2019s Earth Observatory brings you the Earth, every day, with in-depth stories and stunning imagery.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=864&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x864 size-1536x864\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=864&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=300&amp;h=169&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=768&amp;h=432&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=576&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=400&amp;h=225&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=900&amp;h=506&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=675&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Explore Earth Science<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1536&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=300&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=768&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=1024&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1536&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=50&amp;h=50&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=100&amp;h=100&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=200&amp;h=200&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=900&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=1200&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/data\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth Science Data<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Open access to NASA\u2019s archive of Earth science data<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x768 size-1536x768\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png 3600w, 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https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=2000,1000 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wpematico_credit\"><small>Powered by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpematico.com\" target=\"_blank\">WPeMatico<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-then-and-now\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get The Details&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A 35-year satellite altimetry record lets scientists hold this year\u2019s El Ni\u00f1o up against its strongest predecessors. <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/el-nino-then-and-now\/\"> Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><div  class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing' 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