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Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n![\"Rover\u2019s](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-pia26573-navcam-nlf-1503-0800373830-316fdr-n0731522ncam13503-0a0195j01-srgb-scaled-stretched-cropped.png?w=2028\")
<\/a><\/figure>\nOne of the navigation cameras on NASA\u2019s Perseverance captured the rover\u2019s tracks coming from an area called \u201cWitch Hazel Hill,\u201d on May 13, 2025, the 1,503rd Martian day, or sol, of the mission. <\/div>\nNASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nScientists expect the new area of interest on the lower slope of Jezero Crater\u2019s rim to offer up some of the oldest rocks on the Red Planet.<\/em><\/p>\nNASA\u2019s Perseverance Mars rover is exploring a new region of interest the team is calling \u201cKrokodillen\u201d that may contain some of the oldest rocks on Mars. The area has been on the Perseverance science team\u2019s wish list because it marks an important boundary between the oldest rocks of Jezero Crater\u2019s rim and those of the plains beyond the crater.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe last five months have been a geologic whirlwind,\u201d said Ken Farley, deputy project scientist for Perseverance from Caltech in Pasadena. \u201cAs successful as our exploration of \u201cWitch Hazel Hill<\/a>\u201d has been, our investigation of Krokodillen promises to be just as compelling.\u201d<\/p>\nNamed<\/a> by Perseverance mission scientists after a mountain ridge on the island of Prins Karls Forland, Norway, Krokodillen (which means \u201cthe crocodile\u201d in Norwegian) is a 73-acre (about 30-hectare) plateau of rocky outcrops located downslope to the west and south of Witch Hazel Hill.<\/p>\nA quick earlier investigation into the region revealed the presence of clays in this ancient bedrock. Because clays require liquid water to form, they provide important clues about the environment and habitability of early Mars. The detection of clays elsewhere within the Krokodillen region would reinforce the idea that abundant liquid water was present sometime in the distant past, likely before Jezero Crater was formed by the impact of an asteroid. Clay minerals are also known on Earth for preserving organic compounds, the building blocks of life.<\/p>\n
\u201cIf we find a potential biosignature<\/a> here, it would most likely be from an entirely different and much earlier epoch of Mars evolution than the one we found last year in the crater with \u2018Cheyava Falls<\/a>,\u2019\u201d said Farley, referring to a rock sampled in July 2024 with chemical signatures and structures that could have been formed by life long ago. \u201cThe Krokodillen rocks formed before Jezero Crater was created, during Mars\u2019 earliest geologic period, the Noachian, and are among the oldest rocks on Mars<\/p>\nData collected from NASA\u2019s Mars orbiters suggest that the outer edges of Krokodillen may also have areas rich in olivine and carbonate. While olivine forms from magma, carbonate minerals on Earth typically form during a reaction in liquid water between rock and dissolved carbon dioxide. Carbonate minerals on Earth are known to be excellent preservers of fossilized ancient microbial life and recorders of ancient climate.<\/p>\n
The rover, which celebrated its 1,500th day of surface operations on May 9, is currently analyzing a rocky outcrop in Krokodillen called \u201cCopper Cove\u201d that may contain Noachian rocks.<\/p>\n
Ranking Mars Rocks<\/strong><\/h3>\nThe rover\u2019s arrival at Krokodillen comes with a new sampling strategy for the nuclear-powered<\/a> rover that allows for leaving some cored samples unsealed in case the mission finds a more scientifically compelling geologic feature down the road.<\/p>\nTo date, Perseverance has collected<\/a> and sealed two regolith (crushed rock and dust) samples, three witness tubes<\/a>, and one atmospheric sample. It has also collected 26 rock cores and sealed 25 of them. The rover\u2019s one unsealed sample is its most recent, a rock core taken on April 28 that the team named \u201cBell Island,\u201d which contains small round stones called spherules<\/a>. If at some point the science team decides a new sample should take its place, the rover could be commanded to remove the tube from its bin in storage and dump the previous sample.<\/p>\n\u201cWe have been exploring Mars for over four years, and every single filled sample tube we have on board has its own unique and compelling story to tell,\u201d said Perseverance acting project scientist Katie Stack Morgan of NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. \u201cThere are seven empty sample tubes remaining and a lot of open road in front of us, so we\u2019re going to keep a few tubes \u2014 including the one containing the Bell Island core \u2014 unsealed for now. This strategy allows us maximum flexibility as we continue our collection of diverse and compelling rock samples.\u201d<\/p>\n
Before the mission adopted its new strategy, the engineering sample team assessed whether leaving a tube unsealed could diminish the quality of a sample. The answer was no.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe environment inside the rover met very strict standards for cleanliness when the rover was built. The tube is also oriented in such a way within its individual storage bin that the likelihood of extraneous material entering the tube during future activities, including sampling and drives, is very low,\u201d said Stack Morgan. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
In addition, the team assessed whether remnants of a sample that was dumped could \u201ccontaminate\u201d a later sample. \u201cAlthough there is a chance that any material remaining in the tube from the previous sample could come in contact with the outside of a new sample,\u201d said Stack Morgan, \u201cit is a very minor concern \u2014 and a worthwhile exchange for the opportunity to collect the best and most compelling samples when we find them.\u201d<\/p>\n
News Media Contact<\/strong><\/h3>\nDC Agle
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-9011
agle@jpl.nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\nKaren Fox \/ Molly Wasser
NASA Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
karen.c.fox@nasa.gov<\/a> \/ molly.l.wasser@nasa.gov<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n2025-071<\/p>\n
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![\"Rover\u2019s](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-pia26573-navcam-nlf-1503-0800373830-316fdr-n0731522ncam13503-0a0195j01-srgb-scaled-stretched-cropped.png\")
<\/a><\/figure>Scientists expect the new area of interest on the lower slope of Jezero Crater\u2019s rim to offer up some of the oldest rocks on the Red Planet.<\/em><\/p>\n NASA\u2019s Perseverance Mars rover is exploring a new region of interest the team is calling \u201cKrokodillen\u201d that may contain some of the oldest rocks on Mars. The area has been on the Perseverance science team\u2019s wish list because it marks an important boundary between the oldest rocks of Jezero Crater\u2019s rim and those of the plains beyond the crater.<\/p>\n \u201cThe last five months have been a geologic whirlwind,\u201d said Ken Farley, deputy project scientist for Perseverance from Caltech in Pasadena. \u201cAs successful as our exploration of \u201cWitch Hazel Hill<\/a>\u201d has been, our investigation of Krokodillen promises to be just as compelling.\u201d<\/p>\n Named<\/a> by Perseverance mission scientists after a mountain ridge on the island of Prins Karls Forland, Norway, Krokodillen (which means \u201cthe crocodile\u201d in Norwegian) is a 73-acre (about 30-hectare) plateau of rocky outcrops located downslope to the west and south of Witch Hazel Hill.<\/p>\n A quick earlier investigation into the region revealed the presence of clays in this ancient bedrock. Because clays require liquid water to form, they provide important clues about the environment and habitability of early Mars. The detection of clays elsewhere within the Krokodillen region would reinforce the idea that abundant liquid water was present sometime in the distant past, likely before Jezero Crater was formed by the impact of an asteroid. Clay minerals are also known on Earth for preserving organic compounds, the building blocks of life.<\/p>\n \u201cIf we find a potential biosignature<\/a> here, it would most likely be from an entirely different and much earlier epoch of Mars evolution than the one we found last year in the crater with \u2018Cheyava Falls<\/a>,\u2019\u201d said Farley, referring to a rock sampled in July 2024 with chemical signatures and structures that could have been formed by life long ago. \u201cThe Krokodillen rocks formed before Jezero Crater was created, during Mars\u2019 earliest geologic period, the Noachian, and are among the oldest rocks on Mars<\/p>\n Data collected from NASA\u2019s Mars orbiters suggest that the outer edges of Krokodillen may also have areas rich in olivine and carbonate. While olivine forms from magma, carbonate minerals on Earth typically form during a reaction in liquid water between rock and dissolved carbon dioxide. Carbonate minerals on Earth are known to be excellent preservers of fossilized ancient microbial life and recorders of ancient climate.<\/p>\n The rover, which celebrated its 1,500th day of surface operations on May 9, is currently analyzing a rocky outcrop in Krokodillen called \u201cCopper Cove\u201d that may contain Noachian rocks.<\/p>\n The rover\u2019s arrival at Krokodillen comes with a new sampling strategy for the nuclear-powered<\/a> rover that allows for leaving some cored samples unsealed in case the mission finds a more scientifically compelling geologic feature down the road.<\/p>\n To date, Perseverance has collected<\/a> and sealed two regolith (crushed rock and dust) samples, three witness tubes<\/a>, and one atmospheric sample. It has also collected 26 rock cores and sealed 25 of them. The rover\u2019s one unsealed sample is its most recent, a rock core taken on April 28 that the team named \u201cBell Island,\u201d which contains small round stones called spherules<\/a>. If at some point the science team decides a new sample should take its place, the rover could be commanded to remove the tube from its bin in storage and dump the previous sample.<\/p>\n \u201cWe have been exploring Mars for over four years, and every single filled sample tube we have on board has its own unique and compelling story to tell,\u201d said Perseverance acting project scientist Katie Stack Morgan of NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. \u201cThere are seven empty sample tubes remaining and a lot of open road in front of us, so we\u2019re going to keep a few tubes \u2014 including the one containing the Bell Island core \u2014 unsealed for now. This strategy allows us maximum flexibility as we continue our collection of diverse and compelling rock samples.\u201d<\/p>\n Before the mission adopted its new strategy, the engineering sample team assessed whether leaving a tube unsealed could diminish the quality of a sample. The answer was no.<\/p>\n \u201cThe environment inside the rover met very strict standards for cleanliness when the rover was built. The tube is also oriented in such a way within its individual storage bin that the likelihood of extraneous material entering the tube during future activities, including sampling and drives, is very low,\u201d said Stack Morgan. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n In addition, the team assessed whether remnants of a sample that was dumped could \u201ccontaminate\u201d a later sample. \u201cAlthough there is a chance that any material remaining in the tube from the previous sample could come in contact with the outside of a new sample,\u201d said Stack Morgan, \u201cit is a very minor concern \u2014 and a worthwhile exchange for the opportunity to collect the best and most compelling samples when we find them.\u201d<\/p>\n DC Agle Karen Fox \/ Molly Wasser 2025-071<\/p>\nRanking Mars Rocks<\/strong><\/h3>\n
News Media Contact<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-9011
agle@jpl.nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n
NASA Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
karen.c.fox@nasa.gov<\/a> \/ molly.l.wasser@nasa.gov<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\nShare<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n