{"id":13089,"date":"2025-02-14T18:03:42","date_gmt":"2025-02-14T22:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/summary-of-the-10th-dscovr-epic-and-nistar-science-team-meeting\/"},"modified":"2025-02-14T18:03:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T22:03:42","slug":"summary-of-the-10th-dscovr-epic-and-nistar-science-team-meeting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/summary-of-the-10th-dscovr-epic-and-nistar-science-team-meeting\/","title":{"rendered":"Summary of the 10th DSCOVR EPIC and NISTAR Science Team Meeting"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Summary of the 10th DSCOVR EPIC and NISTAR Science Team Meeting<\/h2>\n<p><!-- no image --><\/p>\n<div class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px 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rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eo-meeting-summary-banner.png\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1037\" height=\"81\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eo-meeting-summary-banner.png?w=1037\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eo-meeting-summary-banner.png 1037w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eo-meeting-summary-banner.png?resize=300,23 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eo-meeting-summary-banner.png?resize=768,60 768w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eo-meeting-summary-banner.png?resize=1024,80 1024w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eo-meeting-summary-banner.png?resize=400,31 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eo-meeting-summary-banner.png?resize=600,47 600w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eo-meeting-summary-banner.png?resize=900,70 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1037px) 100vw, 1037px\" loading=\"eager\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\">\n<div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\">\n<p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">21 min read<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">Summary of the 10th DSCOVR EPIC and NISTAR Science Team Meeting<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The 10<sup>th<\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nesdis.noaa.gov\/current-satellite-missions\/currently-flying\/dscovr-deep-space-climate-observatory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Deep Space Climate Observatory<\/a>\u00a0(DSCOVR)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/epic.gsfc.nasa.gov\/about\/epic\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Polychromatic Camera<\/a>\u00a0(EPIC) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/epic.gsfc.nasa.gov\/about\/nistar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Advanced Radiometer<\/a>\u00a0[NISTAR] Science Team Meeting (STM) was held October 16\u201318, 2024. Over 50 scientists attended, most of whom were from NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), with several participating from other NASA centers, U.S. universities, and U.S. Department of Energy laboratories. There was one international participant \u2013 from Estonia. A full overview of<a href=\"https:\/\/eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/eo_pdfs\/Nov_Dec_2018_color508_0.pdf#page=16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a0DSCOVR\u2019s Earth-observing instruments<\/a>\u00a0was published in a previous article in\u00a0<em>The<\/em>\u00a0<em>Earth Observer<\/em>\u00a0and will not be repeated here. This article provides the highlights of the 2024 meeting. The meeting agenda and full presentations can be downloaded from GSFC\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/pub\/DSCOVR\/Science_Team_Meetings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aura Validation Data Center<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Opening Presentations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The opening session of the 10<sup>th<\/sup> DSCOVR STM was special.\u00a0<strong>Former<\/strong> <strong>U.S., Vice President Al Gore <\/strong>attended the opening session and gave a presentation at the panel discussion \u201cRemote Sensing and the Future of Earth Observations\u201d \u2013 see <strong>Photo<\/strong>. Gore was involved in the early days of planning the DSCOVR mission, which at that time was known as Triana.\u00a0He reminisced about his involvement and praised the team for the work they\u2019ve done over the past decade to launch and maintain the DSCOVR mission. Following the STM Opening Session, Gore spoke at a GSFC Engage session in Building 3 later that afternoon on the same topic, but before a wider audience.\u00a0[Link forthcoming.]<\/p>\n<p>Following Gore\u2019s remarks, the remainder of the opening session consisted of a series of presentations from DSCOVR mission leaders and representatives from GSFC and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). <strong>Thomas Neumann<\/strong>\u00a0[GSFC, Earth Sciences Division (ESD)\u2014<em>Deputy Director<\/em>] opened the meeting and welcomed Vice President Gore and the STM participants on behalf of the ESD. <strong>Adam Szabo\u00a0<\/strong>[GSFC\u2014<em>DSCOVR Project Scientist<\/em>] briefly reported that the spacecraft was still in \u201cgood health.\u201d The EPIC and NISTAR instruments on DSCOVR continue to return their full science observations. He also gave an update on DSCOVR Space Weather research. <strong>Alexander Marshak\u00a0<\/strong>[GSFC\u2014<em>DSCOVR Deputy Project Scientist<\/em>] briefly described DSCOVR mission history and the science results based on DSCOVR observations from the first Sun\u2013Earth <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/resources\/faq\/what-are-lagrange-points\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Lagrange point<\/a>\u00a0(hereinafter, the L1 point). He also summarized the major EPIC and NISTAR results to date. At this time, more than 125 papers related to DSCOVR are listed on the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/epic.gsfc.nasa.gov\/science\/pubs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EPIC website<\/a>. <strong>Elsayed Talaat<\/strong> [NOAA, Office of Space Weather observations\u2014<em>Director<\/em>] discussed the future of Earth and space science studies from the L1 point.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=1440&#038;h=760&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"760\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=1440&#038;h=760&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"DSCOVR photo\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=1440&#038;h=760&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=300&#038;h=158&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=768&#038;h=405&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=540&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=400&#038;h=211&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=600&#038;h=317&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=900&#038;h=475&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=633&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\"><strong>Photo.<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Former U.S. Vice President Al Gore<\/strong> spoke at the opening session of the 10<sup>th<\/sup> DSCOVR Science Team Meeting.\u00a0This photo shows Gore together with <strong>Makenzie Lystrup<\/strong> [NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)\u2014<em>Center Director<\/em>], <strong>Christa Peters-Lidard<\/strong> [GSFC, <em>Director of the Science and Exploration Directorate<\/em>], <strong>Elsayed Talaat<\/strong> [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)\u2014<em>Director of the Office of Space Weather Observations<\/em>], <strong>Dalia Kirschbaum<\/strong> [GSFC\u2014<em>Director of Earth Sciences<\/em>], other GSFC management,\u00a0and members of the DSCOVR Science Team.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\"><strong>Photo credit:<\/strong> Katy Comber (GSFC)<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Updates on DSCOVR Operations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The DSCOVR mission components continue to function nominally. The meeting was an opportunity to update participants on progress over the past year on several fronts, including data acquisition, processing, and archiving, and release of new versions of several data products. The number of people using DSCOVR data continues to increase, with a new Science Outreach Team having been put in place to aid users in several aspects of data discovery, access, and user friendliness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Amanda Raab\u00a0<\/strong>[NOAA, DSCOVR Mission Operations and Systems] reported on the current status of the DSCOVR mission. She also discussed spacecraft risks and issues such as memory fragmentation and data storage task anomalies but indicated that both these issues have been resolved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hazem Mahmoud\u00a0<\/strong>[NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center (LaRC)] discussed the work of the <a href=\"https:\/\/asdc.larc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Atmospheric Science Data Center<\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>(ASDC), which is based at LaRC. He showed DSCOVR mission metrics since 2015, focusing on data downloads and the global outreach of the mission. He noted that there has been a significant rise in the number of downloads and an increasing diversity of countries accessing ozone (O<sub>3<\/sub>), aerosol, and cloud data products. Mahmoud also announced that the ASDC is transitioning to the <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/free\/?trk=6a4c3e9d-cdc9-4e25-8dd9-2bd8d15afbca&#038;sc_channel=ps&#038;ef_id=Cj0KCQiAst67BhCEARIsAKKdWOmpoOyy-s4sR1-64PBbfssrriA5uGoIl94ueGDN0GUq8o8lnsOhopYaAj0CEALw_wcB:G:s&#038;s_kwcid=AL!4422!3!651751059783!e!!g!!aws!19852662197!145019195897&#038;gbraid=0AAAAADjHtp_xlVcU0WJ5xRIAd7H9FdXpM&#038;gclid=Cj0KCQiAst67BhCEARIsAKKdWOmpoOyy-s4sR1-64PBbfssrriA5uGoIl94ueGDN0GUq8o8lnsOhopYaAj0CEALw_wcB&#038;all-free-tier.sort-by=item.additionalFields.SortRank&#038;all-free-tier.sort-order=asc&#038;awsf.Free%20Tier%20Types=*all&#038;awsf.Free%20Tier%20Categories=*all\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon Web Services<\/a> cloud, which will further enhance global access and streamline DSCOVR data processing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Karin Blank\u00a0<\/strong>[GSFC] covered the discovery of a new type of mirage that can only be seen in deep space from EPIC. The discussion included the use of a ray tracer in determining the origin of the phenomenon, and under what conditions it can be seen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alexander Cede<\/strong>\u00a0[SciGlob] and\u00a0<strong>Ragi Rajagopalan<\/strong>\u00a0[LiftBlick OG] gave an overview of the stability of the EPIC Level-1A (L1A) data over the first decade of operation. They explained that the only observable changes in the EPIC calibration are to the dark count and flat field can \u2013 and that these changes can be entirely attributed to the temperature change of the system in orbit compared to prelaunch\u00a0conditions. No additional hot or warm pixels have emerged since launch and no significant sensitivity drifts have been observed. The results that Cede and Rajagopalan showed that EPIC continues to be a remarkably stable instrument, which is attributed to a large extent to its orbit around the L1 point, which is located outside the Earth\u2019s radiation belts and thus an extremely stable temperature environment. Consequently, in terms of stability, the L1 point is far superior to other Earth observation points, e.g., ground-based, low-Earth orbit (LEO), polar orbit, or geostationary Earth orbit (GEO).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Marshall Sutton\u00a0<\/strong>[GSFC] discussed the state of the DSCOVR Science Operation Center (DSOC). He also talked about processing EPIC Level-1 (L1) data into L2 science products, daily images available on the EPIC website, and special imaging opportunities, e.g., volcanic eruptions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>EPIC Calibration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>After 10 years of operation in space, the EPIC instrument on DSCOVR continues to be a remarkably stable instrument. The three presentations describe different ways that are used to verify the EPIC measurements remain reliable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conor<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Haney\u00a0<\/strong>[LaRC] reported on anomalous outliers during February and March 2023 from the broadband shortwave (SW) flux using EPIC L1B channel radiances. To ensure that these outliers were not a result of fluctuations in the EPIC L1B channel radiances, both the EPIC radiance measurements and coincident, ray-matched radiance measurements from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nesdis.noaa.gov\/our-satellites\/currently-flying\/joint-polar-satellite-system\/visible-infrared-imaging-radiometer-suite-viirs\" rel=\"noopener\">Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite<\/a> (VIIRS), on the <a href=\"https:\/\/eospso.nasa.gov\/missions\/suomi-national-polar-orbiting-partnership\" rel=\"noopener\">Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership<\/a> (Suomi NPP) platform, were processed using the same deep convective cloud invariant target (DCC-IT)\u00a0algorithm. This analysis confirmed that the anomalous behavior was due to the DCC-IT algorithm \u2013 and not because of fluctuations in the EPIC L1B channel radiances. The improved DCC-IT methodology was also applied to the EPIC L1B radiances.\u00a0The results indicate that the EPIC record is quite stable with a lower uncertainty than when processed using the previous DCC-IT methodology.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Igor Geogdzhaev<\/strong>\u00a0[NASA\u2019s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS)\/Columbia University] reported that EPIC Visible\u2013Near Infrared (VIS-NIR) calibration based on VIIRS (on Suomi NPP) data has showed excellent stability, while VIIRS (on NOAA-20 and -21) derived gains agree to within 1\u20132%. Preliminary analysis showed continuity in the gains derived from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goes-r.gov\/spacesegment\/abi.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced Baseline Imager<\/a> (ABI) data. (ABI flies on NOAA\u2019s two operational <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goes-r.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite\u2013Series R<\/a> satellites \u2013 GOES-17 and GOES-18.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Liang\u2013Kang Huang<\/strong>\u00a0[Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI)] reported on updates to the EPIC ultraviolet (UV) channel sensitivity time dependences using Sun-normalized radiance comparisons between EPIC and measurements from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Mapper (NM) on Suomi NPP, with coinciding footprints and solar\/satellite angles.\u00a0Huang\u2019s team determined vignetting factors in the sensitivity calibration between 2021\u20132024, as a function of charge coupled device (CCD) pixel radius and pixel polar angles, using special lunar measurement sequences.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NISTAR Status and Science with Its Observations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The NISTAR instrument remains fully functional and continues its uninterrupted data record. The NISTAR-related presentations during this meeting included more details on specific topics related to NISTAR as well as on efforts to combine information from both EPIC and NISTAR.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Steven Lorentz\u00a0<\/strong>[L-1 Standards and Technology, Inc.] reported that the NISTAR on DSCOVR has been measuring the irradiance from the sunlit Earth in three bands for more than nine years. The three bands measure the outgoing total and reflected-solar radiation from Earth at a limited range of solar angles. To compare the long-term stability of EPIC and NISTAR responses, researchers developed a narrowband to wideband conversion model to allow the direct comparison of the EPIC multiband imagery and NISTAR SW \u2013 see <strong>Figure 1 <\/strong>\u2013 and silicon photodiode channels.\u00a0Lorentz presented daily results spanning several years. The comparison employed different detectors from the same spacecraft \u2013 but with the same vantage point \u2013 thereby avoiding any model dependent orbital artifacts.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=1440&#038;h=650&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=1440&#038;h=650&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"DSCOVR Figure 1\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=1440&#038;h=650&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=300&#038;h=135&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=768&#038;h=347&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=1024&#038;h=462&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=400&#038;h=181&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=600&#038;h=271&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=900&#038;h=406&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-1_NISTAR.png?w=1200&#038;h=542&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\"><strong>Figure 1. <\/strong>NISTAR daily average shortwave (SW) radiance plotted for each year from 2017\u20132024. The results indicated a 10% increase in the shortwave radiance as the backscattering angle approaches 178\u00b0 in December 2020.\u00a0A 6% increase is noted in September of the same year.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\"><strong>Figure credit<\/strong>: Steven Lorentz (L-1 Standards and Technology)<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Clark Weaver\u00a0<\/strong>[University of Maryland, College Park (UMD)] used spectral information from the <a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/eogateway\/instruments\/sciamachy\" rel=\"noopener\">SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY<\/a> (SCIAMACHY), which flew on the European Space Agency\u2019s (ESA) Envisat satellite from 2002\u20132012, to fill EPIC spectral gaps. He reported on construction of a composite height resolution spectrum that was spectrally integrated to produce SW energy. Weaver explained that he compared the EPIC reflected SW with four-hour averages from Band 4 on NISTAR.\u00a0He used spectral information from SCIAMACHY to fill in gaps. Weaver also discussed results of a comparison of area integrated EPIC SW energy with observations from NISTAR .\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Andrew Lacis<\/strong>\u00a0[GISS] reported on results of analysis of seven years of EPIC-derived planetary albedo for Earth, which reveal global-scale longitudinal variability occurring over a wide range of frequencies \u2013 with strong\u00a0correlation between\u00a0nearby longitudes and strong anticorrelation between diametrically opposed\u00a0longitudes. This\u00a0behavior in the Earth\u2019s global-scale energy budget variability is fully corroborated by seven years\u00a0of NISTAR silicon photodiode measurements, which view the Earth with 1\u00ba longitudinal resolution. This analysis establishes the DSCOVR mission EPIC\/NISTAR measurements as a new and unmatched observational data\u00a0source for evaluating global climate model performance\u2013 e.g., see <strong>Figure 2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=1440&#038;h=556&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=1440&#038;h=556&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"DSCOVR Figure 2\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=1440&#038;h=556&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=300&#038;h=116&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=768&#038;h=297&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=1024&#038;h=395&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=400&#038;h=154&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=600&#038;h=232&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=900&#038;h=348&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-2.png?w=1200&#038;h=463&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\"><strong>Figure 2. <\/strong>This graph shows the diurnal variation in planetary albedo as measured by EPIC for five different eight-day-Blurred Meridians relative to Global Mean for 2021 [<em>left<\/em>] and 2022 [<em>right<\/em>].<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\"><strong>Figure credit<\/strong>: Andrew Lacis\u00a0[GISS]<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Wenying Su<\/strong>\u00a0[LaRC] discussed global daytime mean SW fluxes within the EPIC field of view produced from January 2016\u2013June 2024. These quasi-hourly SW fluxes agree very well with the Synoptic data product from the <a href=\"https:\/\/ceres.larc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Clouds and the Earth\u2019s Radiant Energy System<\/a> (CERES) instruments (currently flying on the <a href=\"https:\/\/terra.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Terra<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/aqua.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Aqua<\/a>, Suomi NPP, and NOAA-20 platforms) with the root mean square errors (rmse) less than 3 W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>. This SW flux processing framework will be used to calculate NISTAR SW flux when Version 4 (V4) of the NISTAR radiance becomes available. Su noted that SW fluxes from EPIC are not suitable to study interannual variability as the magnitude of EPIC flux is sensitive to the percentage of daytime area visible to EPIC.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Update on EPIC Products and Science Results<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>EPIC has a <a href=\"https:\/\/epic.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">suite of data products available<\/a>. The following subsections summarize content during the DSCOVR STM related to these products. The updates focus on several data products and the related algorithm improvements.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>Total Column Ozone<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Jerry Ziemke <\/strong>[Morgan State University (MSU), Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research\u2013II (GESTAR II)] and<strong> Natalya Kramarova<\/strong>\u00a0[GSFC] reported that tropospheric O<sub>3<\/sub> from DSCOVR EPIC shows anomalous reductions of ~10% throughout the Northern Hemisphere (NH) starting in Spring 2020 that continues to the present. The EPIC data, along with other satellite-based (e.g., <a href=\"https:\/\/aura.gsfc.nasa.gov\/omi.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Ozone Monitoring Instrument<\/a> (OMI) on NASA\u2019s<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/aura\/\" rel=\"noopener\"> Aura<\/a> platform) and ground-based (e.g.,<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.acom.ucar.edu\/observations\/pandora\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pandora<\/a>) data, indicate that the observed NH reductions in O<sub>3<\/sub> are due to combined effects from meteorology and reduced pollution, including reduced shipping pollution in early 2020 (during COVID) \u2013 see <strong>Figure 3<\/strong>. EPIC 1\u20132 hourly data are also used to evaluate hourly total O<sub>3<\/sub> and derived tropospheric O<sub>3<\/sub> from NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/eospso.nasa.gov\/missions\/tropospheric-emissions-monitoring-pollution-evi-1\" rel=\"noopener\">Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution<\/a> (TEMPO) geostationary instrument. Ziemke explained that comparison of TEMPO data with EPIC data has helped the researchers characterize a persistent latitude-dependent offset in TEMPO total O<sub>3 <\/sub>data of ~10\u201315% from south to north over the North American continent.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=1440&#038;h=733&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"733\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=1440&#038;h=733&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"DSCOVR Figure 3\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=1440&#038;h=733&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=300&#038;h=153&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=768&#038;h=391&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=1024&#038;h=521&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=400&#038;h=204&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=600&#038;h=305&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=900&#038;h=458&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-3.png?w=1200&#038;h=611&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\"><strong>Figure 3. <\/strong>This dataset combines input from EPIC, OMPS, and OMI from 2004\u20132022. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 can be seen clearly in the data as it corresponds to a sudden drop in tropospheric column ozone by ~3 Dobson Units in the Northern Hemisphere.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\"><strong>Figure credit<\/strong>: Jerry Ziemke (Morgan State University, GESTAR-II)<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Algorithm Improvement for Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide Products<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Kai Yang<\/strong>\u00a0[UMD] presented a comprehensive evaluation of total and tropospheric O<sub>3<\/sub> retrievals, highlighting the long-term stability and high accuracy of EPIC measurements. He also validated EPIC\u2019s volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2<\/sub>) retrievals by comparing them with ground-based<a href=\"https:\/\/ndacc.larc.nasa.gov\/instruments\/brewer\" rel=\"noopener\"> Brewer<\/a> spectrophotometer measurements and summarized EPIC\u2019s observations of SO<sub>2<\/sub> from recent volcanic eruptions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Simon Carn<\/strong>\u00a0[University of Michigan] showed the first comparisons between the EPIC L2 volcanic SO<sub>2<\/sub> product and SO<sub>2<\/sub> retrievals from the <a href=\"https:\/\/nesc.nier.go.kr\/en\/html\/cntnts\/73\/satellite\/introduction.do\" rel=\"noopener\">Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer<\/a> (GEMS) on the <a href=\"https:\/\/database.eohandbook.com\/database\/missionsummary.aspx?missionID=669\" rel=\"noopener\">Korean GEO-Kompsat-2B<\/a> satellite. GEMS observes East Asia as part of the new geostationary UV air quality (GEO-AQ) satellite constellation (which also includes TEMPO that observes North America and will include the Ultraviolet\u2013Visible\u2013Near Infrared (UVN) instrument on the European Copernicus Sentinel-4 mission, that will be launched in 2025 to observe Europe and surrounding areas) \u2013 but is not optimized for measurements of high SO<sub>2<\/sub> columns during volcanic eruptions. EPIC SO<sub>2<\/sub> data for the 2024 eruption of Ruang volcano in Indonesia are being used to validate a new GEMS volcanic SO<sub>2<\/sub> product. Initial comparisons show good agreement between EPIC and GEMS before volcanic cloud dispersal and confirm the greater sensitivity of the hyperspectral GEMS instrument to low SO<sub>2<\/sub> column amounts.<\/p>\n<p><em>Aerosols<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Alexei Lyapustin<\/strong>\u00a0[GSFC] reported that the latest EPIC aerosols algorithm (V3) simultaneously retrieves aerosol optical depth, aerosol spectral absorption, and aerosol layer height (ALH) \u2013 achieving high accuracy. He showed that global validation of the single scattering albedo in the blue and red shows 66% and 81\u201395% agreement respectively, with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations \u2013 which is within the expected error of 0.03 for smoke and dust aerosols. Lyapustin also reported on a comparison of EPIC aerosol data collected from 2015\u20132023 by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), which flew on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eoportal.org\/satellite-missions\/calipso#eop-quick-facts-section\" rel=\"noopener\">Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations<\/a> (CALIPSO) mission.\u00a0The results show that ALH is retrieved with rmse ~1.1 km (0.7 mi). ALH is unbiased over the ocean and is underestimated by 450 m (1470 ft) for the smoke and by 750 m (2460 ft) for the dust aerosols over land.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Myungje Choi<\/strong>\u00a0and <strong>Sujung Go<\/strong> [both from University of Maryland, Baltimore County\u2019s (UMBC), GESTAR II] presented results from a global smoke and dust characterization using\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov\/missions-and-measurements\/science-domain\/maiac\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction\u00a0<\/a>(MAIAC) algorithm. This study characterized smoke and dust aerosol properties derived from MAIAC EPIC processing, examining spectral absorption, ALH, and chemical composition (e.g., black and brown carbon). Regions with smoldering wildfires, e.g., North America and Siberia, exhibited high ALH and a significant fraction of brown carbon, while Central Africa showed lower ALH with higher black carbon emissions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Omar Torres<\/strong>\u00a0[GSFC] discussed how L1 DSCOVR-EPIC observations are being used to study air quality (i.e., tropospheric O<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0and aerosols) globally.\u00a0Torres noted that this application of EPIC-L1 observations is of particular interest in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) where, unlike over the NH, there are currently no space GEO-based air quality measurements \u2013 and no plans for them in the foreseeable future.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hiren Jethva<\/strong>\u00a0[MSU, GESTAR II] presented the new results of the aerosol optical centroid height retrieved from the EPIC Oxygen-B band observations. He described the algorithm details, showed retrieval maps, and reviewed the comparative analysis against CALIOP backscatter-weighted measurements. The analysis showed a good level of agreement with more than 70% of matchup data within 1\u20131.5 km (0.6\u20130.9 mi) difference.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jun Wang<\/strong>\u00a0[University of Iowa] presented his team\u2019s work on advancing the second generation of the aerosol optical centroid height (AOCH) algorithm for EPIC. Key advancements included: constraining surface reflectance in aerosol retrieval using an EPIC-based climatology of surface reflectance ratios between 442\u2013680 nm; incorporating a dynamic aerosol model to characterize aged smoke particles; and employing a spectral slope technique to distinguish thick smoke plumes from clouds. Results show that both atmospheric optical depth (AOD) and AOCH retrievals are improved in the second\u00a0generation of AOCH algorithm.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Olga Kalashnikova<\/strong><em> <\/em>[NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)] reported on improving brown carbon evolution processes in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www2.acom.ucar.edu\/wrf-chem\" rel=\"noopener\">Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry<\/a> (WRF-Chem) model with EPIC products. She indicated that DSCOVR product evaluation, using lidar aerosol height measurements from CALIOP, led to an improved operational brown carbon product. To better resolve the temporal evolution of brown carbon, chemical transport models need to include more information about near-source fires.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mike Garay<\/strong><em> <\/em>[NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)] discussed constraining near-source brown carbon emissions from 2024 Canadian \u2018zombie\u2019 fires with EPIC products. He reported that fires in British Columbia, Canada showed differences in brown carbon emission near the sources.\u00a0 Garay explained that their investigation has revealed that these differences were related to fire intensity and variations in vegetation\/soil content.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yuekui Yang<\/strong>\u00a0[GSFC] presented work that examined the impact of Earth\u2019s curvature consideration on EPIC cloud height retrievals. Biases under the Plane Parallel (PPL) assumption is studied by comparing results using the improved pseudo-spherical shell approximation. PPL retrievals in general bias high and for a cloud with height of 5 km (3 mi), the bias is about 6%.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alfonso Delgado Bonal<\/strong>\u00a0[UMBC] stated that the EPIC vantage point offers a unique opportunity to observe not only the current state of the Earth but also its temporal evolution.\u00a0By capturing multiple observations of the planet throughout the day, EPIC enables statistical reconstruction of diurnal patterns in clouds and other atmospheric parameters.\u00a0Bonal\u2019s team focused their research on O<sub>3<\/sub> (primarily tropospheric) over the U.S. to demonstrate the presence of a diurnal cycle in the western regions of the continental U.S.\u00a0However, ground-based data from PANDORA for specific locations do not support these diurnal variations \u2013 underscoring the critical role of space-based O<sub>3<\/sub> retrievals. The proposed methodology is not limited to clouds or O<sub>3<\/sub> but is broadly applicable to other EPIC measurements for the dynamic nature of our planet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Elizabeth Berry<\/strong>\u00a0[Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER)] presented results from a coincident DSCOVR\u2013CloudSat dataset [covering 2015\u20132020]. Cloud properties (e.g., cloud height and optical depth) from DSCOVR and CloudSat are moderately correlated and show quite good agreement given differences in the instruments sensitivities and footprints. Berry explained that a machine-learning model trained on the coincident data demonstrates high accuracy at predicting the presence of vertical cloud layers. However, precision and recall metrics highlight the challenge of predicting the precise location of cloud boundaries.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anthony Davis<\/strong>\u00a0[JPL] presented a pathway toward accurate estimation of the cloud optical thickness (COT) of opaque clouds and cloud systems, e.g., supercells, mesoscale convective complexes, and tropical cyclones (TCs). He described the approach, which uses differential oxygen absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) that has resolving power greater than 10<sup>4<\/sup> \u2013 which is comparable to that of the high-resolution spectrometers on NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/ocov2.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Orbiting Carbon Observatory\u20132<\/a> (OCO-2) \u2013 but is based upon the cloud information content of EPIC\u2019s O<sub>2<\/sub> A- and B-band radiances. Unlike the current operational retrieval of COT \u2013 which uses data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua \u2013 the DOAS-based technique does not saturate at COT exceeding ~60. According to a popular TC model with two-moment microphysics, COT in a tropical storm or hurricane can reach well into the hundreds, sometimes exceeding 1000.\u00a0Davis said that once the new COT estimates become available, they will provide new observational constraints on process and forecast models for TCs.<\/p>\n<p><em>Ocean<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Robert Frouin<\/strong>\u00a0[Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California] discussed ocean surface radiation products derived from EPIC data. He explained that significant advancements have been achieved in processing and evaluating ocean biology and biogeochemistry products derived from EPIC imagery. V1 updates enhanced accuracy by integrating <a href=\"https:\/\/gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov\/reanalysis\/merra-2\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications V2<\/a> (MERRA-2) ancillary data and refining calculations for atmospheric and surface parameters. Frouin introduced several diurnal products, including hourly photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) fluxes, spectral water reflectance, and chlorophyll-a concentrations.\u00a0He said that these new MODIS-derived products have been validated through comparisons with data from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.data.jma.go.jp\/mscweb\/en\/himawari89\/space_segment\/spsg_ahi.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced Himawari Imager<\/a> on the Japanese Himawar\u20138 and \u20139 satellites. In order to address the gaps in these diurnal products, Frouin explained that the team developed a convolutional neural network that has been used effectively to reconstruct missing PAR values with high accuracy.<\/p>\n<p><em>Vegetation<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yuri Knyazikhin<\/strong>\u00a0[Boston University] reported on the status of the <a href=\"https:\/\/asdc.larc.nasa.gov\/documents\/dscovr\/DSCOVR_VESDR_SDRG.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Vegetation Earth System Data Record<\/a> (VESDR) that provides a variety of parameters including: Leaf Area Index (LAI), diurnal courses of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Sunlit LAI (SLAI), Fraction of incident Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) absorbed by the vegetation, Directional Area Scattering Function (DASF), Earth Reflector Type Index (ERTI), and Canopy Scattering Coefficient (CSC). Knyazikhin\u00a0discussed analysis of the diurnal and seasonal variations of these quantities. EPIC LAI and FPAR are consistent with MODIS-derived measurements of the same parameters.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jan Pisek<\/strong>\u00a0[University of Tartu\/Tartu Observatory,\u00a0<em>Estonia<\/em>] discussed efforts to derive leaf inclination information from EPIC data. The very first evaluation over Tumbarumba site (in New South Wales, Australia) showed that the angular variation in parameters obtained from EPIC reflects the expected variations due to the erectophile vegetation present at the site.<\/p>\n<p><em>Sun Glint<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tam\u00e1s V\u00e1rnai<\/strong>\u00a0[UMBC, JCET] discussed EPIC observations of Sun glint from ice clouds. The cloud glints come mostly from horizontally oriented ice crystals and have strong impact in EPIC cloud retrievals. V\u00e1rnai reported that the <a href=\"https:\/\/epic.gsfc.nasa.gov\/science\/products\/glint\" rel=\"noopener\">EPIC glint product<\/a> is available from the ASDC \u2013 see <strong>Figure 4<\/strong>. Glint data can help reduce the uncertainties related to horizontally oriented ice crystals and yield additional new insights about the microphysical and radiative properties of ice clouds.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=1440&#038;h=692&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"692\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=1440&#038;h=692&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"DSCOVR Figure 4\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=1440&#038;h=692&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=300&#038;h=144&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=768&#038;h=369&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=1024&#038;h=492&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=400&#038;h=192&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=600&#038;h=288&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=900&#038;h=433&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-4.png?w=1200&#038;h=577&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\"><strong>Figure 4.<\/strong>\u00a0[<em>top row<\/em>] <a href=\"https:\/\/epic.gsfc.nasa.gov\/science\/products\/glint\" rel=\"noopener\">EPIC glint mask<\/a> examples over land in [<em>left to right<\/em>] Paraguay, Sudan, Thailand, and Brazil. [<em>bottom row<\/em>] The corresponding EPIC <em>glint mask<\/em> for each image on the top row indicates the band (red, green and blue) and the size of sun glint for each of them.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\"><strong>Figure credit<\/strong>: Tam\u00e1s V\u00e1rnai (University of Maryland, Baltimore County)<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Alexander Kostinski<\/strong>\u00a0[Michigan Technology University] explained that because they detected climatic <em>signals<\/em> (i.e., longer-term changes and semi-permanent features, e.g., ocean glitter), they developed a technique to suppress geographic \u201cnoise\u201d in EPIC images that involves introducing temporally (monthly) and conditionally (classifying by surface\/cover type, e.g., land, ocean, clouds) averaged reflectance images \u2013 see <strong>Figure 5<\/strong>.\u00a0The resulting images display seasonal dependence in a striking manner. Additionally, cloud-free, ocean-only images highlight prominent regions of ocean glitter.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=1440&#038;h=1229&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"1229\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=1440&#038;h=1229&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"DSCOVR Figure 5\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=1440&#038;h=1229&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=300&#038;h=256&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=768&#038;h=655&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=1024&#038;h=874&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=400&#038;h=341&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=600&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=900&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-dscovr\/DSCOVR-Fig-5.png?w=1200&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\"><strong>Figure 5.<\/strong>\u00a0Monthly reflectances for clear land pixels.\u00a0Earth masquerading as Jupiter; latitudinal bright bands are caused by features such as the Sahara and Antarctica.\u00a0Black spots are due to the lack or dearth of clear land pixels at that latitude. Repeated spots within latitudinal bands reflect roughly bi-hourly image sampling.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\"><strong>Figure credit<\/strong>: Alexander Kostinski (Michigan Technology University); from a 2024 paper published in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/remote-sensing\/articles\/10.3389\/frsen.2024.1404461\/full\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Frontiers of Remote Sensing<\/em><\/a><\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Jiani Yang<\/strong>\u00a0[Caltech] reported that spatially resolving light curves from DSCOVR is crucial for evaluating time-varying surface features and the presence of an atmosphere.\u00a0Both of these features are essential for sustaining life on Earth \u2013 and thus can be used to assess the potential habitability of exoplanets. Using epsilon machine reconstruction, the statistical complexity from the time series data of these light curves can be calculated. The results show that statistical complexity serves as a reliable metric for quantifying the intricacy of planetary features. Higher levels of planetary complexity qualitatively correspond to increased statistical complexity and Shannon entropy, illustrating the effectiveness of this approach in identifying planets with the most dynamic characteristics.<\/p>\n<p><em>Other EPIC Science Results<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Guoyong Wen<\/strong>\u00a0[MSU, GESTAR II] analyzed the variability of global spectral reflectance from EPIC and the integrated broadband reflectance on different timescales. He reported that on a diurnal timescale, the global reflectance variations in UV and blue bands are statistically similar \u2013 and drastically different from those observed in longer wavelength bands (i.e., green to NIR). The researchers also did an analysis of monthly average results and found that temporal averaging of the global reflectance reduces the variability across the wavelength and that the variability of broadband reflectance is similar to that for the red band on both timescales. These results are mainly due to the rotation of the Earth on diurnal timescale and the change of the Earth\u2019s tilt angle.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nick Gorkavyi<\/strong>\u00a0[Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI)] reported that EPIC \u2013 located at the L1 point, 1.5 million km (0.9 million mi) away from Earth \u2013 can capture images of the far side of the Moon in multiple wavelengths. These images, taken under full solar illumination, can be used to calibrate photographs obtained by lunar artificial satellites. Additionally, he discussed the impact of <em>lunar libration<\/em> \u2013 the changing view of the Moon from Earth, or it\u2019s apparent \u201cwobble\u201d \u2013 on Earth observations from the Moon.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jay Herman<\/strong>\u00a0[UMBC] discussed a comparison of EPIC O<sub>3<\/sub> with TEMPO satellite and Pandora ground-based measurement. The results show that total column O<sub>3<\/sub> does not have a significant photochemical diurnal\u00a0variation. Instead, the daily observed diurnal variation is caused by weather changes in atmospheric pressure. This measurement result agrees with model calculations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Alexander Marshak<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Jay Herman<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>Adam Szabo<\/strong>\u00a0led a closing discussion with ST participants on how to make the EPIC and NISTAR instruments more visible in the community. It was noted that the EPIC website now allows visitors to observe daily fluctuations of aerosol index, cloud fraction, cloud height, and the ocean surface \u2013 as observed from the L1 point. More daily products, (e.g., aerosol height and sunlit leaf area index) will be added soon, which should attract more users to the website.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, the 2023 DSCOVR EPIC and NISTAR STM was successful.\u00a0It provided an opportunity for participants to learn the status of DSCOVR\u2019s Earth-observing instruments, EPIC and NISTAR, the status of recently released L2 data products, and the science results being achieved from the L1 point. As more people use DSCOVR data worldwide, the ST hopes to hear from users and team members at its next meeting. The latest updates from the mission can be found on the<a href=\"http:\/\/epic.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a0EPIC website<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Alexander Marshak<br \/>NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center<br \/><a href=\"mailto:alexander.marshak@nasa.gov\">alexander.marshak@nasa.gov<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Adam Szabo<br \/>NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center<br \/><a href=\"mailto:adam.szabo@nasa.gov\">adam.szabo@nasa.gov<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div 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