{"id":12912,"date":"2025-01-16T18:07:30","date_gmt":"2025-01-16T22:07:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/nasas-hubble-traces-hidden-history-of-andromeda-galaxy\/"},"modified":"2025-01-16T18:07:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T22:07:30","slug":"nasas-hubble-traces-hidden-history-of-andromeda-galaxy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/nasas-hubble-traces-hidden-history-of-andromeda-galaxy\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA\u2019s Hubble Traces Hidden History of Andromeda Galaxy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">NASA\u2019s Hubble Traces Hidden History of Andromeda Galaxy<\/h2>\n<p><!-- no image --><\/p>\n<div class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"hds-secondary-nav-track\"><span>Hubble Space Telescope<\/span><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewbox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 \">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items\">\n<nav>\n<ul class=\"usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0\">\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Hubble Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Overview<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewbox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"><\/circle><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect><\/svg><\/button>\n<ul class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/overview\/about-hubble\/\" rel=\"noopener\">About Hubble<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/overview\/the-history-of-hubble\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The History of Hubble<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/overview\/hubble-timeline\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Hubble Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/overview\/why-have-a-telescope-in-space\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Why Have a Telescope in Space?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/overview\/about-hubble\/hubble-by-the-numbers\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Hubble by the Numbers<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/overview\/at-the-museum\/\" rel=\"noopener\">At the Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/overview\/faqs\/\" rel=\"noopener\">FAQs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Impact &#038; Benefits<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewbox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"><\/circle><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect><\/svg><\/button>\n<ul class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/impacts-and-benefits\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Hubble\u2019s Impact &#038; Benefits<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/science\/science-highlights\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Impacts<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/impacts-and-benefits\/hubbles-cultural-impact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Cultural Impact<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/impacts-and-benefits\/technology-benefits\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology Benefits<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/impacts-and-benefits\/hubbles-impact-on-human-spaceflight\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Impact on Human Spaceflight<\/a><\/li>\n<li 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class=\"hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-3 z-400\">\n<div class=\"z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400\">\n<div class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2\">6 Min Read<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNASA\u2019s Hubble Traces Hidden History of Andromeda Galaxy\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"42208\" height=\"9870\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=42208&#038;h=9870&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"The Andromeda galaxy, a spiral galaxy, spreads across the width. It is tilted nearly edge-on to our line of sight so that it appears as an extreme oval on its side. The borders of the galaxy are jagged because the image is a mosaic of smaller, square images. The outer edges are blue, while the inner two-thirds are yellowish with a bright, central core. Dark, dusty filamentary clouds wrap around the outer half of the galaxy\u2019s disk. At 10 o'clock, a smaller dwarf elliptical galaxy forms a fuzzy, yellow blob. Hubble's sharp vision distinguishes about 200 million stars within the image. The background of space is black. There are what appears to be steps toward the bottom, mainly toward the middle, which indicates where no data were taken.\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=42208&#038;h=9870&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 42208w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=300&#038;h=70&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=768&#038;h=180&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=239&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=359&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=479&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=400&#038;h=94&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=600&#038;h=140&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=900&#038;h=210&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=281&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=468&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42208px) 100vw, 42208px\" loading=\"eager\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-y-3 padding-x-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0\"><figcaption class=\"hds-caption maxw-mobile desktop:padding-x-3\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30\">\n<div><figcaption>This photomosaic of the Andromeda galaxy is the largest ever assembled from Hubble observations. <\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Credits: <\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA, ESA, Benjamin F. Williams (UWashington), Zhuo Chen (UWashington), L. Clifton Johnson (Northwestern); Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In the years following the launch of NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Hubble Space Telescope<\/a>, astronomers have tallied over 1 trillion galaxies in the universe. But only one galaxy stands out as the most important nearby stellar island to our Milky Way \u2014 the magnificent <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/science\/explore-the-night-sky\/hubble-messier-catalog\/messier-31\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Andromeda galaxy (Messier 31)<\/a>. It can be seen with the naked eye on a very clear autumn night as a faint cigar-shaped object roughly the apparent angular diameter of our Moon.<\/p>\n<p>A century ago, <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/people\/edwin-hubble\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Edwin Hubble<\/a> first established that this so-called \u201cspiral nebula\u201d was actually very far outside our own Milky Way galaxy \u2014 at a distance of approximately 2.5 million light-years or roughly 25 Milky Way diameters. Prior to that, astronomers had long thought that the Milky way encompassed the entire universe. Overnight, Hubble\u2019s discovery turned cosmology upside down by unveiling an infinitely grander universe.<\/p>\n<p>Now, a century later, the space telescope named for Hubble has accomplished the most comprehensive survey of this enticing empire of stars. The Hubble telescope is yielding new clues to the evolutionary history of Andromeda, and it looks markedly different from the Milky Way\u2019s history.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-full\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=10552&#038;h=2468&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"10552\" height=\"2468\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=10552&#038;h=2468&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The Andromeda galaxy, a spiral galaxy, spreads across the width. It is tilted nearly edge-on to our line of sight so that it appears as an extreme oval on its side. The borders of the galaxy are jagged because the image is a mosaic of smaller, square images. The outer edges are blue, while the inner two-thirds are yellowish with a bright, central core. Dark, dusty filamentary clouds wrap around the outer half of the galaxy\u2019s disk. At 10 o'clock, a smaller dwarf elliptical galaxy forms a fuzzy, yellow blob. Hubble's sharp vision distinguishes about 200 million stars within the image. The background of space is black. There are what appears to be steps toward the bottom, mainly toward the middle, which indicates where no data were taken.\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=10552&#038;h=2468&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 10552w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=300&#038;h=70&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=768&#038;h=180&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=240&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=359&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=479&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=400&#038;h=94&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=600&#038;h=140&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=900&#038;h=211&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=281&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=468&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 10552px) 100vw, 10552px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This is largest photomosaic ever assembled from Hubble Space Telescope observations. It is a panoramic view of the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, located 2.5 million light-years away. It took over 10 years to make this vast and colorful portrait of the galaxy, requiring over 600 Hubble overlapping snapshots that were challenging to stitch together. The galaxy is so close to us, that in angular size it is six times the apparent diameter of the full Moon, and can be seen with the unaided eye. For Hubble\u2019s pinpoint view, that\u2019s a lot of celestial real estate to cover. This stunning, colorful mosaic captures the glow of 200 million stars. That\u2019s still a fraction of Andromeda\u2019s population. And the stars are spread across about 2.5 billion pixels. The detailed look at the resolved stars will help astronomers piece together the galaxy\u2019s past history that includes mergers with smaller satellite galaxies.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA, ESA, Benjamin F. Williams (UWashington), Zhuo Chen (UWashington), L. Clifton Johnson (Northwestern); Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_10552x2468_STScI-01JGY92V0Z2HJTVH605N4WH9XQ.jpg\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Download this image (10,552 x 2,468)(9 MB)\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Download this image (10,552 x 2,468)(9 MB)<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_2025_42208x9870_STScI-01JGY8MZB6RAYKZ1V4CHGN37Q6.jpg\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Download this image (42,208 x 9,870)(203 MB)\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Download this image (42,208 x 9,870)(203 MB)<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t<\/a><\/div>\n<p>Without Andromeda as a proxy for spiral galaxies in the universe at large, astronomers would know much less about the structure and evolution of our own Milky Way. That\u2019s because we are embedded inside the Milky Way. This is like trying to understand the layout of New York City by standing in the middle of Central Park.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWith Hubble we can get into enormous detail about what\u2019s happening on a holistic scale across the entire disk of the galaxy. You can\u2019t do that with any other large galaxy,\u201d said principal investigator Ben Williams of the University of Washington. Hubble\u2019s sharp imaging capabilities can resolve more than 200 million stars in the Andromeda galaxy, detecting only stars brighter than our Sun. They look like grains of sand across the beach. But that\u2019s just the tip of the iceberg. Andromeda\u2019s total population is estimated to be 1 trillion stars, with many less massive stars falling below Hubble\u2019s sensitivity limit.<\/p>\n<p>Photographing Andromeda was a herculean task because the galaxy is a much bigger target on the sky than the galaxies Hubble routinely observes, which are often billions of light-years away. The full mosaic was carried out under two Hubble programs. In total, it required over 1,000 Hubble orbits, spanning more than a decade.<\/p>\n<p>This panorama started with the <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/goddard\/hubbles-high-definition-panoramic-view-of-the-andromeda-galaxy\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury\u00a0(PHAT)<\/a> program about a decade ago. Images were obtained at near-ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths using the <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/observatory\/design\/advanced-camera-for-surveys\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced Camera for Surveys<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/observatory\/design\/wide-field-camera-3\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Wide Field Camera 3<\/a> aboard Hubble to photograph the northern half of Andromeda.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1125&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1125&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Photo mosaic of Andromeda galaxy and five regions of interest. A spiral galaxy spreads across the width. It\u2019s tilted nearly edge-on to our line of sight, appearing as an extreme oval on its side. Its borders are jagged because the image is a mosaic of smaller, square images. The outer edges are blue, while the inner two-thirds are yellowish with a bright, central core. Dark, dusty clouds wrap around the outer half of the galaxy\u2019s disk. At 10 o'clock, a smaller dwarf elliptical galaxy forms a fuzzy, yellow blob. There are about 200 million stars within the image. The background of space is black. There are what appears to be steps toward the bottom, mainly toward the middle, which indicates where no data were taken. Interesting regions: (a) Clusters of bright blue stars embedded within the galaxy; background galaxies seen much farther away; (b) NGC 206, a concentration of bright blue stars; (c) A young cluster of blue newborn stars; (d) The satellite galaxy M32; (e) Dark dust lanes across myriad yellow stars.\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1125&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This is the largest photomosaic ever made by the Hubble Space Telescope. The target is the vast Andromeda galaxy that is only 2.5 million light-years from Earth, making it the nearest galaxy to our own Milky Way. Andromeda is seen almost edge-on, tilted by 77 degrees relative to Earth\u2019s view. The galaxy is so large that the mosaic is assembled from approximately 600 separate overlapping fields of view taken over 10 years of Hubble observing \u2014 a challenge to stitch together over such a large area. The mosaic image is made up of at least 2.5 billion pixels. Hubble resolves an estimated 200 million stars that are hotter than our Sun, but still a fraction of the galaxy\u2019s total estimated stellar population. <\/p>\n<p>Interesting regions include: (a) Clusters of bright blue stars embedded within the galaxy, background galaxies seen much farther away, and photo-bombing by a couple bright foreground stars that are actually inside our Milky Way; (b) NGC 206 the most conspicuous star cloud in Andromeda; (c) A young cluster of blue newborn stars; (d) The satellite galaxy M32, that may be the residual core of a galaxy that once collided with Andromeda; (e) Dark dust lanes across myriad stars.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA, ESA, Benjamin F. Williams (UWashington), Zhuo Chen (UWashington), L. Clifton Johnson (Northwestern); Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_2000x1125_STScI-01JGYCGZ62AXKVCC0KGXHY844N.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Download this image (2,000 x 1,125)(1.5 MB)\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Download this image (2,000 x 1,125)(1.5 MB)<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/andromeda\/Hubble_M31Mosaic_Compass_7680x4320_STScI-01JGYCFA9BHKB7V0W7SKDKND29.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Download this image (7,680 x 4,320)(16 MB)\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Download this image (7,680 x 4,320)(16 MB)<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t<\/a><\/div>\n<p>This program was followed up by the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Southern Treasury (PHAST), recently published in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/1538-4357\/ad7e2b\" rel=\"noopener\">The Astrophysical Journal<\/a>\u00a0and led by Zhuo Chen at the University of Washington, which added images of approximately 100 million stars in the southern half of Andromeda. This region is structurally unique and more sensitive to the galaxy\u2019s merger history than the northern disk mapped by the PHAT survey.<\/p>\n<p>The combined programs collectively cover the entire disk of Andromeda, which is seen almost edge-on \u2014 tilted by 77 degrees relative to Earth\u2019s view. The galaxy is so large that the mosaic is assembled from approximately 600 separate fields of view. The mosaic image is made up of at least 2.5 billion pixels.<\/p>\n<p>The complementary Hubble survey programs provide information about the age, heavy-element abundance, and stellar masses inside Andromeda. This will allow astronomers to distinguish between competing scenarios where Andromeda merged with one or more galaxies. Hubble\u2019s detailed measurements constrain models of  Andromeda\u2019s merger history and disk evolution.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Galactic \u2018Train Wreck\u2019<\/h1>\n<p>Though the Milky Way and Andromeda formed presumably around the same time many billions of years ago, observational evidence shows that they have very different evolutionary histories, despite growing up in the same cosmological neighborhood. Andromeda seems to be more highly populated with younger stars and unusual features like coherent streams of stars, say researchers. This implies it has a more active recent star-formation and interaction history than the Milky Way.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAndromeda\u2019s a train wreck. It looks like it has been through some kind of event that caused it to form a lot of stars and then just shut down,\u201d said Daniel Weisz at the University of California, Berkeley. \u201cThis was probably due to a collision with another galaxy in the neighborhood.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A possible culprit is the compact satellite galaxy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/science\/explore-the-night-sky\/hubble-messier-catalog\/messier-32\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Messier 32<\/a>, which resembles the stripped-down core of a once-spiral galaxy that may have interacted with Andromeda in the past. Computer simulations suggest that when a close encounter with another galaxy uses up all the available interstellar gas, star formation subsides.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Andromeda galaxy, our galactic neighbor, holds over 1 trillion stars and has been a key to unlocking the secrets of the universe. Thanks to NASA\u2019s Hubble Space Telescope, we\u2019re now seeing Andromeda in stunning new detail, revealing its dynamic history and unique structure.<br \/>Credit: NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center; Lead Producer: Paul Morris<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/svs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/14762\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Download this video\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Download this video<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t<\/a><\/div>\n<p>\u201cAndromeda looks like a transitional type of galaxy that\u2019s between a star-forming spiral and a sort of elliptical galaxy dominated by aging red stars,\u201d said Weisz. \u201cWe can tell it\u2019s got this big central bulge of older stars and a star-forming disk that\u2019s not as active as you might expect given the galaxy\u2019s mass.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis detailed look at the resolved stars will help us to piece together the galaxy\u2019s past merger and interaction history,\u201d added Williams.<\/p>\n<p>Hubble\u2019s new findings will support future observations by NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/webb\/\" rel=\"noopener\">James Webb Space Telescope<\/a> and the upcoming <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/roman-space-telescope\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope<\/a>. Essentially a wide-angle version of Hubble (with the same sized mirror), Roman will capture the equivalent of at least 100 high-resolution Hubble images in a single exposure. These observations will complement and extend Hubble\u2019s huge dataset.<\/p>\n<p><em>The Hubble Space Telescope has been operating for over three decades and continues to make ground-breaking discoveries that shape our fundamental understanding of the universe. Hubble is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA (European Space Agency). NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope and mission operations. Lockheed Martin Space, based in Denver, also supports mission operations at Goddard. The Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, conducts Hubble science operations for NASA.<\/em><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explore More<\/h1>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/science\/explore-the-night-sky\/hubble-messier-catalog\/messier-31\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Explore the Night Sky: Messier 31\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Explore the Night Sky: Messier 31<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/missions\/hubble\/hubbles-high-definition-panoramic-view-of-the-andromeda-galaxy\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Hubble\u2019s High-Definition Panoramic View of the Andromeda Galaxy\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Hubble\u2019s High-Definition Panoramic View of the Andromeda Galaxy<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t<\/a><\/div>\n<div 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MD<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ray Villard<br \/>Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a 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class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Jan 16, 2025<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Editor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Andrea Gianopoulos<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Location<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\"><a class=\"hds-location-tag-name\" href=\"https:\/\/nasa.gov\/goddard\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"hds-meta-heading\">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"article-tags\">\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/category\/universe\/galaxies\/andromeda-galaxy\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Andromeda Galaxy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/astrophysics\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Astrophysics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/astrophysics\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Astrophysics Division<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/universe\/galaxies\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Galaxies<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\/\">Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\" rel=\"noopener\">Hubble Space Telescope<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/category\/universe\/galaxies\/spiral-galaxies\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Spiral Galaxies<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/universe\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Universe<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From Hubble<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/hubble\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Hubble Space Telescope<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Since its 1990 launch, the Hubble Space Telescope has changed our fundamental understanding of the universe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1512\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?w=1512\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg 4031w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=295,300 295w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=768,780 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1008,1024 1008w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1512,1536 1512w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=2016,2048 2016w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=394,400 394w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=591,600 591w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=886,900 886w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1181,1200 1181w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1969,2000 1969w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1512px) 100vw, 1512px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/science\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Hubble Science<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1522\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp 3880w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=300,297 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=768,761 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=1024,1015 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=1536,1522 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=2048,2030 2048w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=400,396 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=600,595 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=900,892 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=1200,1189 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble_ngc6530_potw2250a-jpg.webp?resize=2000,1982 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/science\/explore-the-night-sky\/hubbles-night-sky-challenge\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Hubble\u2019s Night Sky Challenge<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/mission\/35th-anniversary\/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/mission\/35th-anniversary\/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 375w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/mission\/35th-anniversary\/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=300&#038;h=280&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/hubble\/multimedia\/hubble-images\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Hubble Images<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1506\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?w=1506\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp 4134w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=294,300 294w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=768,783 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=1004,1024 1004w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=1506,1536 1506w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=2008,2048 2008w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=392,400 392w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=588,600 588w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=882,900 882w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=1177,1200 1177w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/potw1535a-jpg.webp?resize=1961,2000 1961w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1506px) 100vw, 1506px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wpematico_credit\"><small>Powered by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpematico.com\" target=\"_blank\">WPeMatico<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><a  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/missions\/hubble\/nasas-hubble-traces-hidden-history-of-andromeda-galaxy\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get The Details&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the years following the launch of NASA\u2019s Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have tallied over 1 trillion galaxies in the universe. But only one galaxy stands out as the most important nearby stellar island to our Milky Way \u2014 the magnificent Andromeda galaxy (Messier 31). It can be seen with the naked eye on a [\u2026] <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/nasas-hubble-traces-hidden-history-of-andromeda-galaxy\/\"> Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><div  class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing' data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/nasas-hubble-traces-hidden-history-of-andromeda-galaxy\/'><div class='heateor_sss_sharing_title' style=\"font-weight:bold\" >Spread the love<\/div><div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_ul\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook\" class=\"heateor_sss_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fzobi.alcowep.com%2Fbourtagshdrevxnls658739%2Fnasas-hubble-traces-hidden-history-of-andromeda-galaxy%2F\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" 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