{"id":12900,"date":"2025-01-15T18:04:15","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T22:04:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T18:04:15","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T22:04:15","slug":"50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight\/","title":{"rendered":"50 Years Ago: Preparing the Final Saturn Rocket for Flight"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">50 Years Ago: Preparing the Final Saturn Rocket for Flight<\/h2>\n<p><!-- no image --><\/p>\n<p>With the historic first international space docking mission only six months away, preparations on the ground for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) intensified. At NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida, workers in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) stacked the rocket for the mission, the final Saturn rocket assembled for flight. In the nearby Manned Spacecraft Operations Building (MSOB), the Apollo prime crew of Commander <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-thomas-stafford\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thomas Stafford<\/a>, Command Module Pilot <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brand_vance_0.pdf?emrc=67882c51e9558\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vance Brand<\/a>, and Docking Module Pilot <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-donald-k-deke-slayton\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Donald \u201cDeke\u201d Slayton<\/a>, and their backups <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-alan-bean\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alan Bean<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/evans-ronald.pdf?emrc=67882c51e965b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ronald Evans<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/lousma_jack_0.pdf?emrc=67882c51e974d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jack Lousma<\/a> conducted vacuum chamber tests of the Command Module (CM), the final Apollo spacecraft prepared for flight.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel\">\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"image-carousel-slider margin-0\">\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Image of the bottom end of a white rocket stage lying on its side with several workmen working on it.\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?resize=300,239 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?resize=768,612 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?resize=1024,817 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?resize=1536,1225 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?resize=400,319 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?resize=600,478 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?resize=900,718 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?resize=1200,957 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-1-astp-s-ib-fins-being-attached-dec-1974.jpg?resize=2000,1595 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Inside the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, workers attach fins to the Saturn IB\u2019s first stage.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"682\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?w=682\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Image of a large white rocket stage inside a large assembly building\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg 2173w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=768,1154 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=682,1024 682w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=1022,1536 1022w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=1363,2048 1363w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=266,400 266w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=399,600 399w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=599,900 599w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=799,1200 799w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-2-astp-s-ib-stacking-jan-13-1975-s75-20907.jpg?resize=1331,2000 1331w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">In the VAB, workers secure the first stage of the Saturn IB rocket onto the milk stool, perched on Mobile Launcher-1.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1021\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"A rocket's white and black second stage is lowered onto its white first stage inside a large assembly building\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg 4110w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=768,766 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=1024,1021 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=1536,1532 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=2048,2042 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=600,598 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=900,897 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=1200,1196 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-3-astp-s-ivb-stacking-jan-14-1975-s75-20909.jpg?resize=2000,1994 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Workers lift the second stage of the Saturn IB rocket prior to mating with the first stage.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?w=683\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"A white cone-shaped spacecraft is lifted and about to be placed atop a rocket inside a large assembly building\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg 2976w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-4-astp-boilerplate-apollo-stacking-jan-17-1975-s75-20897.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Workers lower a boilerplate Apollo spacecraft onto the Saturn IB rocket.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Saturn IB rocket, serial number SA-210, used for ASTP had a lengthy history. Contractors originally built its two stages in 1967, at a time when NASA planned many more Saturn IB flights to test Apollo spacecraft components in Earth orbit in preparation for the Moon landing. By 1968, however, after four uncrewed Saturn IB launches, only one launched a crew, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/55-years-ago-nine-months-before-the-moon-landing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Apollo 7<\/a>. Four more Saturn IBs remained on reserve to launch crews as part of the Apollo Applications Program, renamed Skylab in 1970. Without an immediate mission, the two stages of SA-210 entered long-term storage in 1967. Workers later modified and refurbished the stages for ASTP before shipping them to KSC. The first stage arrived in April 1974 and the second stage in November 1972.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>On Jan. 13, 1975, inside the cavernous VAB, workers stacked the Saturn IB rocket\u2019s first stage onto Mobile Launcher-1 (ML-1), modified from its use to launch Saturn V rockets during the Apollo program with the addition of the milk stool pedestal. The milk stool, a 128-foot tall platform, allowed the Saturn IB to use the same Launch Umbilical Tower as the much larger Saturn V rocket at Launch Complex 39. The next day, workers lowered the second stage onto the first, followed by the Instrument Unit two days later. Finally, on Jan. 17 workers topped off the rocket with a boilerplate Apollo spacecraft while engineers continued testing the flight article in the MSOB.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel\">\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"image-carousel-slider margin-0\">\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"A view from inside a cargo aircraft through the open aft cargo door on a runway, with two white spacecraft being unloaded\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg 5199w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=300,236 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=768,604 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=1024,806 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=1536,1209 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=2048,1612 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=400,315 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=600,472 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=900,708 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=1200,944 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-5-astp-csm-arr-ksc-sep-8-1974-s74-32346.jpg?resize=2000,1574 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The ASTP Apollo Command and Service Modules arrive at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. <\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"868\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?w=868\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"A blue cone-shaped spacecraft hanging from a crane inside a large hanger\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg 2569w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=254,300 254w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=768,906 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=868,1024 868w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=1301,1536 1301w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=1735,2048 1735w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=339,400 339w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=508,600 508w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=763,900 763w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=1017,1200 1017w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-6-apollo-astp-ksc-arrival-sep-8-1974-s74-32049.jpg?resize=1695,2000 1695w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 868px) 100vw, 868px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The ASTP Command Module arrives in KSC\u2019s Manned Spacecraft Operations Building. <\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Command and Service Modules \u2013 CSM-111 \u2013 arrived at KSC from the Rockwell International plant in Downey, California, on Sept. 8, 1974, by C-5A Galaxy cargo plane. Rockwell had finished building the spacecraft in March 1970 and placed it in storage until July 1972. Modifications for ASTP took place between August 1972 and August 1974, following which Rockwell shipped the spacecraft to KSC. The sign on the shipping container bore the legend \u201cFrom A to Soyuz \u2013 Apollo\/Soyuz \u2013 Last and the Best.\u201d Workers at KSC towed the modules to the MSOB for inspection and checkout, joined the two modules, and placed the combined spacecraft into a vacuum chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel\">\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"image-carousel-slider margin-0\">\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"809\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Black and white image of three astronauts in recliners wearing white spacesuits with technicians assisting them\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg 4868w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=300,237 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=768,607 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=1024,809 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=1536,1214 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=2048,1618 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=400,316 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=600,474 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=900,711 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=1200,948 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-7-astp-prime-crew-suiting-for-altitude-test-jan-14-1975-s75-21962.jpg?resize=2000,1580 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The prime Apollo crew of Thomas Stafford, left, Vance Brand, and Donald \u201cDeke\u201d Slayton suit up in preparation for an altitude chamber test in the Command Module (CM).<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"925\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Black and white image of a cone-shaped spacecraft, with three spacesuited astronauts visible through the open hatch\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg 3985w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=300,271 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=768,694 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=1024,925 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=1536,1388 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=2048,1851 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=400,361 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=600,542 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=900,813 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=1200,1084 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-8-astp-cm-vacuum-test-sim-dec-17-1974-s75-20355.jpg?resize=2000,1807 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The astronauts inside the CM in the altitude chamber. <\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In the MSOB, the prime and backup ASTP crews conducted tests of their spacecraft in an altitude chamber. After both crews completed simulated runs in December 1974, the prime crew of Stafford, Brand, and Slayton suited up, entered the CM inside the chamber, closed the hatch, and conducted an actual test on Jan. 14, with the chamber simulating altitudes of up to 220,000 feet. Two days later, the backup crew of Bean, Evans, and Lousma completed a similar test.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel\">\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"image-carousel-slider margin-0\">\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"673\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Color image of three astronauts in white spacesuits in recliners with technicians assisting them\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg 3804w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=300,197 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=768,505 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=1024,673 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=1536,1009 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=2048,1346 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=400,263 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=600,394 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=900,591 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=1200,789 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-9-astp-bu-crew-suiting-up-for-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21063.jpg?resize=2000,1314 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The backup Apollo crew of Alan Bean, left, Ronald Evans, and Jack Lousma suit up in preparation for an altitude chamber test in the Command Module (CM).<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"715\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?w=715\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"A white suited astronauts entering a blue coated spacecraft\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg 2639w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=209,300 209w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=768,1100 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=715,1024 715w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=1072,1536 1072w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=1429,2048 1429w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=279,400 279w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=419,600 419w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=628,900 628w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=838,1200 838w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-10-astp-bu-crew-cm-vacuum-test-jan-16-1975-s75-21067.jpg?resize=1396,2000 1396w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Workers assist backup crewmember Lousma into the CM. <\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>To solve the problem of the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft operating at different atmospheric pressures and compositions and using incompatible docking mechanisms, engineers designed a Docking Module (DM) that acted as both an airlock and a transfer tunnel and a Docking System (DS) that allowed the two nations\u2019 spacecraft to physically join in space. NASA contracted with Rockwell International to build the DM. Engineers equipped one end of the DM with the standard Apollo probe-and-drogue docking mechanism and the other end with the androgynous system that linked up with its opposite half installed on the modified Soyuz spacecraft. During launch, the DM rested inside the Spacecraft Lunar Module (LM) Adaptor (SLA) atop the rocket\u2019s upper stage, much like the LM during Apollo flights. Once in orbit, the astronauts separated the CSM from the upper stage, turned the spacecraft around, docked with the DM and pulled it free.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel\">\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"image-carousel-slider margin-0\">\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"786\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?w=786\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Black and white image of two spacecraft components with white coated technicians in a large room\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg 2386w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=230,300 230w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=768,1000 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=786,1024 786w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=1180,1536 1180w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=1573,2048 1573w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=307,400 307w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=461,600 461w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=691,900 691w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=922,1200 922w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-11-astp-docking-module-at-rockwell-sep-1974-s74-28295.jpg?resize=1536,2000 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\"><em>Workers lower the DM into Chamber B in the Space Environment Simulation Laboratory at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston.<\/em><\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Black and white image of a cylindrical spacecraft being lowered into an altitude chamber\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg 5904w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=1536,1025 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=2048,1366 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-12-astp-docking-module-in-sesl-sep-1974-s74-28224.jpg?resize=2000,1334 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Workers lower the DM into Chamber B in the Space Environment Simulation Laboratory at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston. <\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>After extensive vacuum testing in Chamber B of the Space Environment Simulation Laboratory at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston, the flight DM arrived at KSC on Oct. 29, 1974, and workers prepared it for more testing in a vacuum chamber in the MSOB. The flight DS arrived at KSC on Jan. 3, 1975, and two weeks later workers installed it on the DM. On Jan. 27, engineers lowered the DM onto the CM in the altitude chamber to conduct a mechanical docking test. Engineers conducted 10 days of joint tests of television and audio equipment to ensure systems compatibility.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel\">\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"image-carousel-slider margin-0\">\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"632\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-13-astp-csm-dm-docking-test-jan-27-1975-collectspace.jpg?w=500\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Workers lower a cylindrical spacecraft onto a cone shaped docking target in an altitude chamber\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-13-astp-csm-dm-docking-test-jan-27-1975-collectspace.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-13-astp-csm-dm-docking-test-jan-27-1975-collectspace.jpg?resize=237,300 237w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-13-astp-csm-dm-docking-test-jan-27-1975-collectspace.jpg?resize=316,400 316w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-13-astp-csm-dm-docking-test-jan-27-1975-collectspace.jpg?resize=475,600 475w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Workers conduct a docking test of the Docking Module with the Command Module at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"689\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-14-astp-soviet-american-dm-tests-at-ksc-jan-1975.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Black and white image of several white coated technicians with a partial view of a spacecraft in the background\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-14-astp-soviet-american-dm-tests-at-ksc-jan-1975.jpg 1236w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-14-astp-soviet-american-dm-tests-at-ksc-jan-1975.jpg?resize=300,202 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-14-astp-soviet-american-dm-tests-at-ksc-jan-1975.jpg?resize=768,517 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-14-astp-soviet-american-dm-tests-at-ksc-jan-1975.jpg?resize=1024,689 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-14-astp-soviet-american-dm-tests-at-ksc-jan-1975.jpg?resize=400,269 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-14-astp-soviet-american-dm-tests-at-ksc-jan-1975.jpg?resize=600,404 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-14-astp-soviet-american-dm-tests-at-ksc-jan-1975.jpg?resize=900,606 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/final-saturn-stacking-14-astp-soviet-american-dm-tests-at-ksc-jan-1975.jpg?resize=1200,808 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA support astronaut Robert Overmyer, right, works with engineers during compatibility testing. <\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>To be continued\u2026<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Major events around the world in January 1975:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>January 5 \u2013 Musical The Wiz opens on Broadway, runs for 1,672 performances.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>January 6 \u2013 The game show Wheel of Fortune debuts on NBC.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>January\u00a08 \u2013 Ella Grasso of Connecticut becomes the first elected female governor in the U.S.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>January 11 \u2013 The S-II second stage of the Saturn V rocket that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/50-years-ago-the-launch-of-skylab-americas-first-space-station\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">launched Skylab<\/a> reenters the Earth\u2019s atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>January 12 \u2013 The Pittsburg Steelers beat the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IX, played in Tulane Stadium in New Orleans.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>January 15 \u2013 Space Mountain opens at Disney World in Orlando.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>January 18 \u2013 The Jeffersons premieres on CBS.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>January 22 \u2013 Launch of the Landsat-2 Earth resources monitoring satellite.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>January 30 \u2013 Ern\u0151 Rubik applies for a patent in Hungary for his Magic Cube, later known as Rubik\u2019s Cube.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\n<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/general\/how-it-started-how-its-going-johnson-space-center-edition\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg 7764w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jsc2024e037416.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">3 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">How It Started, How It\u2019s Going: Johnson Space Center Edition<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5 hours ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/general\/ten-nasa-science-tech-instruments-flying-to-moon-on-firefly-lander\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/20250112-stl0386-.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">6 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Ten NASA Science, Tech Instruments Flying to Moon on Firefly Lander<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 day ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station-science-top-news-jan-10-2025\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg 3507w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=300,212 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=768,543 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=1024,724 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=1536,1086 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=2048,1448 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=400,283 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=600,424 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=900,636 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=1200,849 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pia25488orig.jpg?resize=2000,1414 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">2 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Station Science Top News: Jan. 10, 2025<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/apollo-soyuz-test-project\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Apollo-Soyuz Test Project<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/apolloy-soyuz-test-project.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans in Space<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-2.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Climate Change<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-3.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Solar System<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-4.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wpematico_credit\"><small>Powered by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpematico.com\" target=\"_blank\">WPeMatico<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get The Details&#8230;<\/a><br \/>\nJohn J. Uri  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With the historic first international space docking mission only six months away, preparations on the ground for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) intensified. At NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida, workers in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) stacked the rocket for the mission, the final Saturn rocket assembled for flight. In the nearby Manned [\u2026] <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight\/\"> Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><div  class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing' data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight\/'><div class='heateor_sss_sharing_title' style=\"font-weight:bold\" >Spread the love<\/div><div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_ul\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook\" class=\"heateor_sss_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fzobi.alcowep.com%2Fbourtagshdrevxnls658739%2F50-years-ago-preparing-the-final-saturn-rocket-for-flight%2F\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" 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