{"id":12245,"date":"2024-10-17T18:03:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T22:03:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/could-life-exist-below-mars-ice-nasa-study-proposes-possibilities\/"},"modified":"2024-10-17T18:03:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T22:03:02","slug":"could-life-exist-below-mars-ice-nasa-study-proposes-possibilities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/could-life-exist-below-mars-ice-nasa-study-proposes-possibilities\/","title":{"rendered":"Could Life Exist Below Mars Ice? NASA Study Proposes Possibilities"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Could Life Exist Below Mars Ice? NASA Study Proposes Possibilities<\/h2>\n<p><!-- no image --><\/p>\n<div class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\">\n<div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\">\n<p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">4 min read<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel\">\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"image-carousel-slider margin-0\">\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"627\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"The white material seen within this Martian gully is believed to be dusty water ice\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg 1998w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg?resize=300,184 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg?resize=768,470 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg?resize=1024,627 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg?resize=1536,940 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg?resize=400,245 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg?resize=600,367 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg?resize=900,551 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-pia26408-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-dao-vallis-already-published.jpg?resize=1200,735 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The white material seen within this Martian gully is believed to be dusty water ice. Scientists believe this kind of ice could be an excellent place to look for microbial life on Mars today. This image, showing part of a region called Dao Vallis, was captured by NASA\u2019s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2009.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/University of Arizona<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"These holes, captured on Alaska\u2019s Matanuska Glacier in 2012, are formed by cryoconite\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg 4928w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=300,199 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=768,509 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=1024,678 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=1536,1017 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=2048,1356 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=400,265 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=600,397 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=900,596 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=1200,795 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2-pia26409-cryoconite-holes-on-matanuska-glacier.jpg?resize=2000,1325 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">These holes, captured on Alaska\u2019s Matanuska Glacier in 2012, are formed by cryoconite \u2014 dust particles that melt into the ice over time, eventually forming small pockets of water below the glacier\u2019s surface. Scientists believe similar pockets of water could form within dusty water ice on Mars.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">Kimberly Casey CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewbox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>Researchers think meltwater beneath Martian ice could support <\/em><em>microbial life.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>While actual evidence for life on Mars has never been found, a new NASA study proposes microbes could find a potential home beneath frozen water on the planet\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n<p>Through computer modeling, the study\u2019s authors have shown that the amount of sunlight that can shine through water ice would be enough for photosynthesis to occur in shallow pools of meltwater below the surface of that ice. Similar pools of water that form within ice on Earth have been found to teem with life, including algae, fungi, and microscopic cyanobacteria, all of which derive energy from photosynthesis.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf we\u2019re trying to find life anywhere in the universe today, Martian ice exposures are probably one of the most accessible places we should be looking,\u201d said the paper\u2019s lead author, Aditya Khuller of NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.<\/p>\n<p>Mars has two kinds of ice: frozen water and frozen carbon dioxide. For their paper, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43247-024-01730-y\" rel=\"noopener\">published<\/a> in Nature Communications Earth &#038; Environment, Khuller and colleagues looked at water ice, large amounts of which formed from snow mixed with dust that fell on the surface during a series of Martian ice ages in the past million years. That ancient snow has since solidified into ice, still peppered with specks of dust. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Although dust particles may obscure light in deeper layers of the ice, they are key to explaining how subsurface pools of water could form within ice when exposed to the Sun: Dark dust absorbs more sunlight than the surrounding ice, potentially causing the ice to warm up and melt up to a few feet below the surface.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1528\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?w=1528\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The white edges along these gullies in Mars\u2019 Terra Sirenum are believed to be dusty water ice\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg 3232w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=224,300 224w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=768,1030 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=764,1024 764w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=1146,1536 1146w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=1528,2048 1528w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=298,400 298w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=448,600 448w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=671,900 671w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=895,1200 895w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/e1-pia26407-dusty-water-ice-in-mars-terra-sirenum-already-published.jpg?resize=1492,2000 1492w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1528px) 100vw, 1528px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The white edges along these gullies in Mars\u2019 Terra Sirenum are believed to be dusty water ice. Scientists think meltwater could form beneath the surface of this kind of ice, providing a place for possible photosynthesis. This is an enhanced-color image; the blue color would not actually be perceptible to the human eye.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/University of Arizona<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mars scientists are divided about whether ice can actually melt when exposed to the Martian surface. That\u2019s due to the planet\u2019s thin, dry atmosphere, where water ice is believed to sublimate \u2014 turn directly into gas \u2014 the way dry ice does on Earth. But the atmospheric effects that make melting difficult on the Martian surface wouldn\u2019t apply below the surface of a dusty snowpack or glacier.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Thriving Microcosms<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>On Earth, dust within ice can create what are called cryoconite holes \u2014 small cavities that form in ice when particles of windblown dust (called cryoconite) land there, absorb sunlight, and melt farther into the ice each summer. Eventually, as these dust particles travel farther from the Sun\u2019s rays, they stop sinking, but they still generate enough warmth to create a pocket of meltwater around them. The pockets can nourish a thriving ecosystem for simple lifeforms.<s>.<\/s><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is a common phenomenon on Earth,\u201d said co-author Phil Christensen of Arizona State University in Tempe, referring to ice melting from within. \u201cDense snow and ice can melt from the inside out, letting in sunlight that warms it like a greenhouse, rather than melting from the top down.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Christensen has studied ice on Mars for decades. He leads operations for a heat-sensitive camera called <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/resource\/odysseys-themis-views-the-horizon-of-mars\/\" rel=\"noopener\">THEMIS<\/a> (Thermal Emission Imaging System) aboard NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/odyssey\/\" rel=\"noopener\">2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter<\/a>. In past research, Christensen and Gary Clow of the University of Colorado Boulder used modeling to demonstrate how liquid water could form within dusty snowpack on the Red Planet. That work, in turn, provided a foundation for the new paper focused on whether photosynthesis could be possible on Mars.<\/p>\n<p>In 2021, Christensen and Khuller co-authored a paper on the discovery of dusty water ice exposed within gullies on Mars, proposing that many Martian gullies form by erosion caused by the ice melting to form liquid water.<\/p>\n<p>This new paper suggests that dusty ice lets in enough light for photosynthesis to occur as deep as 9 feet (3 meters) below the surface. In this scenario, the upper layers of ice prevent the shallow subsurface pools of water from evaporating while also providing protection from harmful radiation. That\u2019s important, because unlike Earth, Mars lacks a protective magnetic field to shield it from both the Sun and radioactive cosmic ray particles zipping around space.<\/p>\n<p>The study authors say the water ice that would be most likely to form subsurface pools would exist in Mars\u2019 tropics, between 30 degrees and 60 degrees latitude, in both the northern and southern hemispheres.<\/p>\n<p>Khuller next hopes to re-create some of Mars\u2019 dusty ice in a lab to study it up close. Meanwhile, he and other scientists are beginning to map out the most likely spots on Mars to look for shallow meltwater \u2014 locations that could be scientific targets for possible human and robotic missions in the future.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>News Media Contacts<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Andrew Good<br \/>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.<br \/>818-393-2433<br \/><a href=\"mailto:andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov\">andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Karen Fox \/ Molly Wasser<br \/>NASA Headquarters, Washington<br \/>202-358-1600<br \/><a href=\"mailto:karen.c.fox@nasa.gov\">karen.c.fox@nasa.gov<\/a> \/ <a href=\"mailto:molly.l.wasser@nasa.gov\">molly.l.wasser@nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2024-142<\/p>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 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652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"><\/path><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"><\/circle><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Oct 17, 2024<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"article-tags\">\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mars\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/science-research\/planetary-science\/astrobiology\/\">Astrobiology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/jpl\/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\n<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/missions\/mars-sample-return\/new-team-to-assess-nasas-mars-sample-return-architecture-proposals\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/nasa_meatball_large.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">New Team to Assess NASA\u2019s Mars Sample Return Architecture Proposals<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">NASA announced Wednesday a new strategy review team will assess potential architecture adjustments for the\u2026<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 day ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/christine-knudson-uses-earthly-experience-to-study-martian-geology\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?w=225\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg 3024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?resize=225,300 225w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?resize=768,1024 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?resize=1152,1536 1152w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?resize=1536,2048 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?resize=300,400 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?resize=450,600 450w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?resize=675,900 675w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?resize=900,1200 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/maunaloa22-ck-rotated.jpg?resize=1500,2000 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">6 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Christine Knudson Uses Earthly Experience to Study Martian Geology<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">Geologist Christine Knudson works with the Curiosity rover to explore Mars \u2014 from about 250\u2026<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 day ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/euclid\/snippet-of-euclid-missions-cosmic-atlas-released-by-esa\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg 6000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">5 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Snippet of Euclid Mission\u2019s Cosmic Atlas Released by ESA<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover Related Topics<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Missions<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-1.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans in Space<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-2.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Climate Change<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-3.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Solar System<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-4.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wpematico_credit\"><small>Powered by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpematico.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WPeMatico<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/planets\/mars\/could-life-exist-below-mars-ice-nasa-study-proposes-possibilities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get The Details&#8230;<\/a><br \/>\nAnthony Greicius  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers think meltwater beneath Martian ice could support microbial life. While actual evidence for life on Mars has never been found, a new NASA study proposes microbes could find a potential home beneath frozen water on the planet\u2019s surface. 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