{"id":11472,"date":"2024-07-16T18:01:48","date_gmt":"2024-07-16T22:01:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/heres-how-ai-is-changing-nasas-mars-rover-science\/"},"modified":"2024-07-16T18:01:48","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T22:01:48","slug":"heres-how-ai-is-changing-nasas-mars-rover-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/heres-how-ai-is-changing-nasas-mars-rover-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Here\u2019s How AI Is Changing NASA\u2019s Mars Rover Science"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Here\u2019s How AI Is Changing NASA\u2019s Mars Rover Science<\/h2>\n<p><!-- no image --><\/p>\n<div class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\">\n<div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\">\n<p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">6 min read<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"width-full maxw-full margin-left-auto margin-right-auto hds-media-align-inline hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-video\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full flex-column\">\n<div class=\"hds-video-container width-full embed-container\"><video title=\"Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry \" class=\"video-js video-player vjs-fluid width-full\" data-setup='{\"controls\":true,\"preload\":\"auto\",\"plugins\":{\"mux\":{\"debug\":false,\"data\":{\"env_key\":\"91nns8oppqdfqc44lgo4b1gni\",\"player_name\":\"www.nasa.gov Player\",\"video_name\":\"Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry \"}}}}' preload=\"none\"><source src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia26204-already-in-pj.m4v\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><p class=\"vjs-no-js\">To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/videojs.com\/html5-video-support\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">supports HTML5 video<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/source><\/video><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-media-caption hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">\n<div>In this time-lapse video of a test conducted at JPL in June 2023, an engineering model of the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) instrument aboard NASA\u2019s Perseverance Mars rover places itself against a rock to collect data. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">\n<div>NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Artificial intelligence is helping scientists to identify minerals within rocks studied by the Perseverance rover.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Some scientists dream of exploring planets with \u201csmart\u201d spacecraft that know exactly what data to look for, where to find it, and how to analyze it. Although making that dream a reality will take time, advances made with NASA\u2019s Perseverance Mars rover offer promising steps in that direction.<\/p>\n<p>For almost three years, the rover mission has been testing a form of artificial intelligence that seeks out minerals in the Red Planet\u2019s rocks. This marks the first time AI has been used on Mars to make autonomous decisions based on real-time analysis of rock composition.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"PIXL Viewed on Mars\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg 5120w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=2048,1536 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e1-pia24467.jpg?resize=2000,1500 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">PIXL, the white instrument at top left, is one of several science tools located on the end of the robotic arm aboard NASA\u2019s Perseverance rover. The Mars rover\u2019s left navcam took the images that make up this composite on March 2, 2021<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The software supports <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/nasas-new-mars-rover-will-use-x-rays-to-hunt-fossils\/\">PIXL<\/a> (Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry), a spectrometer developed by NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. By mapping the chemical composition of minerals across a rock\u2019s surface, PIXL allows scientists to determine whether the rock formed in conditions that could have been supportive of microbial life in Mars\u2019 ancient past.<\/p>\n<p>Called \u201cadaptive sampling,\u201d the software autonomously positions the instrument close to a rock target, then looks at PIXL\u2019s scans of the target to find minerals worth examining more deeply. It\u2019s all done in real time, without the rover talking to mission controllers back on Earth.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe use PIXL\u2019s AI to home in on key science,\u201d said the instrument\u2019s principal investigator, Abigail Allwood of JPL. \u201cWithout it, you\u2019d see a hint of something interesting in the data and then need to rescan the rock to study it more. This lets PIXL reach a conclusion without humans examining the data.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1614\" height=\"1070\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png?w=1614\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"rock target nicknamed \u201cThunderbolt Peak\u201d\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png 1614w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png?resize=300,199 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png?resize=768,509 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png?resize=1024,679 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png?resize=1536,1018 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png?resize=400,265 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png?resize=600,398 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png?resize=900,597 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e2-pia26365-perseverances-pixl-instrument-examines-thunderbolt-peak.png?resize=1200,796 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1614px) 100vw, 1614px\"><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This image of a rock target nicknamed \u201cThunderbolt Peak\u201d was created by NASA\u2019s Perseverance Mars rover using PIXL, which determines the mineral composition of rocks by zapping them with X-rays. Each blue dot in the image represents a spot where an X-ray hit.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/DTU\/QUT<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Data from Perseverance\u2019s instruments, including PIXL, helps scientists determine when to drill a core of rock and seal it in a titanium metal tube so that it, along with other <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/mars-2020-perseverance\/mars-rock-samples\/\" rel=\"noopener\">high-priority samples<\/a>, could be brought to Earth for further study as part of NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/mars-sample-return\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars Sample Return campaign<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Adaptive sampling is not the only application of AI on Mars. About <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/resource\/map-of-nasas-mars-landing-sites\/\" rel=\"noopener\">2,300 miles (3,700 kilometers)<\/a> from Perseverance is NASA\u2019s Curiosity, which pioneered a form of AI that allows the rover to autonomously <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/laser-targeting-ai-yields-more-mars-science\" rel=\"noopener\">zap rocks with a laser<\/a> based on their shape and color. Studying the gas that burns off after each laser zap reveals a rock\u2019s chemical composition. Perseverance features this same ability, as well as a more advanced form of AI that enables it to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/mars-2020-perseverance\/perseverance-rover\/autonomous-systems-help-nasas-perseverance-do-more-science-on-mars-2\/\">navigate<\/a> without specific direction from Earth. Both rovers still rely on dozens of engineers and scientists to plan each day\u2019s set of hundreds of individual commands, but these digital smarts help both missions get more done in less time.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe idea behind PIXL\u2019s adaptive sampling is to help scientists find the needle within a haystack of data, freeing up time and energy for them to focus on other things,\u201d said Peter Lawson, who led the implementation of adaptive sampling before retiring from JPL. \u201cUltimately, it helps us gather the best science more quickly.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Using AI to Position PIXL<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>AI assists PIXL in two ways. First, it positions the instrument just right once the instrument is in the vicinity of a rock target. Located at the end of Perseverance\u2019s robotic arm, the spectrometer sits on six tiny robotic legs, called a hexapod. PIXL\u2019s camera repeatedly checks the distance between the instrument and a rock target to aid with positioning.<\/p>\n<p>Temperature swings on Mars are large enough that Perseverance\u2019s arm will expand or contract a microscopic amount, which can throw off PIXL\u2019s aim. The hexapod automatically adjusts the instrument to get it exceptionally close without coming into contact with the rock.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have to make adjustments on the scale of micrometers to get the accuracy we need,\u201d Allwood said. \u201cIt gets close enough to the rock to raise the hairs on the back of an engineer\u2019s neck.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Making a Mineral Map<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Once PIXL is in position, another AI system gets the chance to shine. PIXL scans a postage-stamp-size area of a rock, firing an X-ray beam thousands of times to create a grid of microscopic dots. Each dot reveals information about the chemical composition of the minerals present.<\/p>\n<p>Minerals are crucial to answering key questions about Mars. Depending on the rock, scientists might be on the hunt for carbonates, which hide clues to how water may have formed the rock, or they may be looking for phosphates, which could have provided nutrients for microbes, if any were present in the Martian past.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s no way for scientists to know ahead of time which of the hundreds of X-ray zaps will turn up a particular mineral, but when the instrument finds certain minerals, it can automatically stop to gather more data \u2014 an action called a \u201clong dwell.\u201d As the system improves through machine learning, the list of minerals on which PIXL can focus with a long dwell is growing.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPIXL is kind of a Swiss army knife in that it can be configured depending on what the scientists are looking for at a given time,\u201d said JPL\u2019s David Thompson, who helped develop the software. \u201cMars is a great place to test out AI since we have regular communications each day, giving us a chance to make tweaks along the way.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>When future missions travel deeper into the solar system, they\u2019ll be out of contact longer than missions currently are on Mars. That\u2019s why there is strong interest in developing more autonomy for missions as they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/nasas-network-of-small-moon-bound-rovers-is-ready-to-roll\" rel=\"noopener\">rove<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/jpl-developing-more-tools-to-help-search-for-life-in-deep-space\" rel=\"noopener\">conduct science<\/a> for the benefit of humanity.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>More About the Mission<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A key objective for Perseverance\u2019s mission on Mars is <a href=\"https:\/\/astrobiology.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">astrobiology<\/a>, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet\u2019s geology and past climate, pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith (broken rock and dust).<\/p>\n<p>Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA (European Space Agency), would send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth analysis.<\/p>\n<p>The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA\u2019s Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/specials\/artemis\/\">Artemis<\/a> missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet.<\/p>\n<p>JPL, which is managed for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.<\/p>\n<p>For more about Perseverance:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/mars2020\/\" rel=\"noopener\">mars.nasa.gov\/mars2020\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>News Media Contacts<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Andrew Good<br \/>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.<br \/>818-393-2433<br \/><a href=\"mailto:andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov\">andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Karen Fox \/ Alana Johnson<br \/>NASA Headquarters, Washington<br \/>202-358-1600 \/ 202-358-1501<br \/><a href=\"mailto:karen.c.fox@nasa.gov\">karen.c.fox@nasa.gov<\/a> \/ <a href=\"mailto:alana.r.johnson@nasa.gov\">alana.r.johnson@nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2024-099<\/p>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&#038;text=Here%E2%80%99s%20How%20AI%20Is%20Changing%20NASA%E2%80%99s%20Mars%20Rover%20Science&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fmars-2020-perseverance%2Fperseverance-rover%2Fheres-how-ai-is-changing-nasas-mars-rover-science%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewbox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 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345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"><\/path><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"><\/circle><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Jul 16, 2024<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"article-tags\">\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/mars-2020-perseverance\" rel=\"noopener\">Perseverance (Rover)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/science-research\/planetary-science\/astrobiology\/\">Astrobiology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/technology\/computing\/\">High-Tech Computing<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/jpl\/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mars\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/mars-2020-perseverance\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/technology\/rps\/\">Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/robotics\/\">Robotics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/technology\" rel=\"noopener\">Science-enabling Technology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\n<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/learning-resources\/science-activation\/nasa-science-activation-teams-present-at-national-rural-stem-summit\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-national-rural-stem-neff-rae-ostman.png\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">1 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Science Activation Teams Present at National Rural STEM Summit<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">NASA Science Activation (SciAct) teams participated in the National Rural STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, &#038;\u2026<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 weeks ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/asteroids\/near-earth-asteroid\/nasas-planetary-radar-tracks-two-large-asteroid-close-approaches\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg 3449w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=600,337 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-2024mk-16.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA\u2019s Planetary Radar Tracks Two Large Asteroid Close Approaches<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 weeks ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/ecostress\/nasas-ecostress-maps-burn-risk-across-phoenix-streets\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"182\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg 3507w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=300,182 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=768,467 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=1024,623 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=1536,934 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=2048,1245 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=400,243 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=600,365 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=900,547 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=1200,730 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-pia25529-ecostress-burn-risk-in-phoenix-cropped-web.jpg?resize=2000,1216 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">3 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA\u2019s ECOSTRESS Maps Burn Risk Across Phoenix Streets<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 weeks ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover Related Topics<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Missions<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-1.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans in Space<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-2.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Climate Change<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-3.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Solar System<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-4.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wpematico_credit\"><small>Powered by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpematico.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WPeMatico<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/mars-2020-perseverance\/perseverance-rover\/heres-how-ai-is-changing-nasas-mars-rover-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get The Details&#8230;<\/a><br \/>\nAnthony Greicius  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Artificial intelligence is helping scientists to identify minerals within rocks studied by the Perseverance rover. Some scientists dream of exploring planets with \u201csmart\u201d spacecraft that know exactly what data to look for, where to find it, and how to analyze it. Although making that dream a reality will take time, advances made with NASA\u2019s Perseverance [\u2026] <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/heres-how-ai-is-changing-nasas-mars-rover-science\/\"> Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><div  class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing' data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/heres-how-ai-is-changing-nasas-mars-rover-science\/'><div class='heateor_sss_sharing_title' style=\"font-weight:bold\" >Spread the love<\/div><div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_ul\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook\" class=\"heateor_sss_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fzobi.alcowep.com%2Fbourtagshdrevxnls658739%2Fheres-how-ai-is-changing-nasas-mars-rover-science%2F\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" 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