5 min read<\/p>\n
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n![\"An](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/palmyra-view-from-air-kpollock-tnc.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/a><\/figure>\nAn aerial view of Palmyra Atoll, where animal tracking data now being studied by NASA\u2019s Internet of Animals project was collected using wildlife tags by partners at The Nature Conservancy, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and several universities.<\/div>\nThe Nature Conservancy\/Kydd Pollock<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nAnchoring the boat in a sandbar, research scientist Morgan Gilmour steps into the shallows and is immediately surrounded by sharks. The warm waters around the tropical island act as a reef shark nursery, and these baby biters are curious about the newcomer. They zoom close and veer away at the last minute, as Gilmour slowly makes her way toward the kaleidoscope of green sprouting from the island ahead.<\/p>\n
Gilmour, a scientist at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley, conducts marine ecology and conservation studies using data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from animals equipped with wildlife tags. Palmyra Atoll, a United States marine protected area<\/a>, provides the perfect venue for this work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/black-tip-reef-shark-kpollock.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/a><\/figure>\nA juvenile blacktip reef shark swims toward researchers in the shallow waters around Palmyra Atoll.<\/div>\nThe Nature Conservancy\/Kydd Pollock<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nA collection of roughly 50 small islands in the tropical heart of the Pacific Ocean, the atoll is bursting with life of all kinds, from the reef sharks and manta rays circling the shoreline to the coconut crabs climbing palm branches and the thousands of seabirds swooping overhead. By analyzing the movements of dolphins, tuna, and other creatures, Gilmour and her collaborators can help assess whether the boundaries of the marine protected area surrounding the atoll actually protect the species they intend to, or if its limits need to shift.<\/p>\n
Launched in 2020 by The Nature Conservancy and its partners \u2013 USGS, NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), and several universities \u2013 the project<\/a> team deployed wildlife tags at Palmyra in 2022, when Gilmour was a scientist with USGS.<\/p>\nNow with NASA, she is leveraging the data for a study under the agency\u2019s Internet of Animals project. By combining information transmitted from wildlife tags with information about the planet collected by satellites \u2013 such as NASA\u2019s Aqua<\/a>, NOAA\u2019s GOES<\/a> (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) satellites, and the U.S.-European Jason-3<\/a> \u2013 scientists can work with partners to draw conclusions that inform ecological management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/palmyraatoll-oli-20240112.png?w=720\")
<\/a><\/figure>\nThe Palmyra Atoll is a haven for biodiversity, boasting thriving coral reef systems, shallow waters that act as a shark nursery, and rich vegetation for various land animals and seabirds. In the Landsat image above, a small white square marks the research station, where scientists from all over the world come to study the many species that call the atoll home.<\/div>\nNASA\/Earth Observatory Team<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\u201cInternet of Animals is more than just an individual collection of movements or individual studies; it\u2019s a way to understand the Earth at large,\u201d said Ryan Pavlick, then Internet of Animals project scientist at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, during the project\u2019s kickoff event.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
The Internet of Animals at Palmyra<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n\u201cOur work at Palmyra was remarkably comprehensive,\u201d said Gilmour. \u201cWe tracked the movements of eight species at once, plus their environmental conditions, and we integrated climate projections to understand how their habitat may change. Where studies may typically track two or three types of birds, we added fish and marine mammals, plus air and water column data, for a 3D picture of the marine protected area.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/internetofanimals3panel-2022-hires.png?w=1440\")
<\/a><\/figure>\nTagged Yellowfin Tuna, Grey Reef Sharks, and Great Frigatebirds move in and out of a marine protected area (blue square), which surrounds the Palmyra Atoll (blue circle) in the tropical heart of the Pacific. These species are three of many that rely on the atoll and its surrounding reefs for food and for nesting.<\/div>\nNASA\/Lauren Dauphin<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nNow, the NASA team has put that data into a species distribution model, which combines the wildlife tracking information with environmental data from satellites, including sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration, and ocean current speed. The model can help researchers understand how animal populations use their habitats and how that might shift as the climate changes.<\/p>\n
Preliminary results from Internet of Animals team show that the animals tracked are moving beyond the confines of the Palmyra marine protected area. The model identified suitable habitats both in and around the protected zone \u2013 now and under predicted climate change scenarios \u2013 other researchers and decisionmakers can utilize that knowledge to inform marine policy and conservation.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"Research](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/field-work-gilmour-1.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/a><\/figure>\nResearch scientist Morgan Gilmour checks on a young great frigatebird in its nest. The marine protected area around Palmyra Atoll protects these birds\u2019 breeding grounds.<\/div>\nUC Santa Barbara\/Devyn Orr<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nFollowing a 2023 presidential memorandum<\/a>, NOAA began studying and gathering input on whether to expand the protected areas around Palmyra and other parts of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. Analysis from NASA\u2019s Internet of Animals could inform that and similar decisions, such as whether to create protected \u201ccorridors\u201d in the ocean to allow for seasonal migrations of wildlife. The findings and models from the team\u2019s habitat analysis at Palmyra also could help inform conservation at similar latitudes across the planet.<\/p>\nBeyond the Sea: Other Internet of Animals Studies<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\nResearch at Palmyra Atoll is just one example of work by Internet of Animals scientists.<\/p>\n
Claire Teitelbaum, a researcher with the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute based at NASA Ames, studies avian flu in wild waterfowl, investigating how their movement may contribute to transmission of the virus to poultry and other domestic livestock.<\/p>\n
Teams at Ames and JPL are also working with USGS to create next-generation wildlife tags and sensors. Low-power radar tags in development at JPL would be lightweight enough to track small birds. Ames researchers plan to develop long-range radio tags capable of maximizing coverage and transmission of data from high-flying birds. This could help researchers take measurements in hard-to-reach layers of the atmosphere.<\/p>\n
With the technology brought together by the Internet of Animals, even wildlife can take an active role in the study of Earth\u2019s interacting systems, helping human experts learn more about our planet and how best to confront the challenges facing the natural world.<\/p>\n
To learn more about the Internet of Animals visit: https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-earth-exchange-nex\/new-missions-support\/internet-of-animals\/<\/a><\/p>\nThe Internet of Animals project is funded by NASA and managed at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. The team at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley is part of the NASA Earth Exchange, a Big Data initiative\u00a0providing unique insights into Earth\u2019s systems using the agency\u2019s supercomputers at the center. Partners on the project include the U.S. Geological Survey, The Nature Conservancy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Yale Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Stanford University, University of Hawaii, University of California Santa Barbara, San Jose State University, University of Washington, and the Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\nFor Researchers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The research collaboration\u2019s dataset from Palmyra is available in open access: Palmyra Bluewater Research Marine Animal Telemetry Dataset, 2022-2023<\/a><\/li>\n
- Related research from Morgan Gilmour\u2019s team was published in the journal Global Ecology and Conservation in June 2022: \u201cEvaluation of MPA designs that protect highly mobile megafauna now and under climate change scenarios.\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Media Contacts<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\nMembers of the news media interested in covering this topic should reach out to the NASA Ames newsroom<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAbout the Author<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n![\"Milan](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cropped-img-4375-300x300.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\n\nMilan Loiacono<\/h2>\n<\/div>\nScience Communication Specialist<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nMilan Loiacono is a science communication specialist for the Earth Science Division at NASA Ames Research Center.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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![\"An](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/palmyra-view-from-air-kpollock-tnc.jpg\")
<\/a><\/figure>Anchoring the boat in a sandbar, research scientist Morgan Gilmour steps into the shallows and is immediately surrounded by sharks. The warm waters around the tropical island act as a reef shark nursery, and these baby biters are curious about the newcomer. They zoom close and veer away at the last minute, as Gilmour slowly makes her way toward the kaleidoscope of green sprouting from the island ahead.<\/p>\n
Gilmour, a scientist at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley, conducts marine ecology and conservation studies using data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from animals equipped with wildlife tags. Palmyra Atoll, a United States marine protected area<\/a>, provides the perfect venue for this work.<\/p>\n A collection of roughly 50 small islands in the tropical heart of the Pacific Ocean, the atoll is bursting with life of all kinds, from the reef sharks and manta rays circling the shoreline to the coconut crabs climbing palm branches and the thousands of seabirds swooping overhead. By analyzing the movements of dolphins, tuna, and other creatures, Gilmour and her collaborators can help assess whether the boundaries of the marine protected area surrounding the atoll actually protect the species they intend to, or if its limits need to shift.<\/p>\n Launched in 2020 by The Nature Conservancy and its partners \u2013 USGS, NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), and several universities \u2013 the project<\/a> team deployed wildlife tags at Palmyra in 2022, when Gilmour was a scientist with USGS.<\/p>\n Now with NASA, she is leveraging the data for a study under the agency\u2019s Internet of Animals project. By combining information transmitted from wildlife tags with information about the planet collected by satellites \u2013 such as NASA\u2019s Aqua<\/a>, NOAA\u2019s GOES<\/a> (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) satellites, and the U.S.-European Jason-3<\/a> \u2013 scientists can work with partners to draw conclusions that inform ecological management.<\/p>\n \u201cInternet of Animals is more than just an individual collection of movements or individual studies; it\u2019s a way to understand the Earth at large,\u201d said Ryan Pavlick, then Internet of Animals project scientist at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, during the project\u2019s kickoff event.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u201cOur work at Palmyra was remarkably comprehensive,\u201d said Gilmour. \u201cWe tracked the movements of eight species at once, plus their environmental conditions, and we integrated climate projections to understand how their habitat may change. Where studies may typically track two or three types of birds, we added fish and marine mammals, plus air and water column data, for a 3D picture of the marine protected area.\u201d<\/p>\n Now, the NASA team has put that data into a species distribution model, which combines the wildlife tracking information with environmental data from satellites, including sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration, and ocean current speed. The model can help researchers understand how animal populations use their habitats and how that might shift as the climate changes.<\/p>\n Preliminary results from Internet of Animals team show that the animals tracked are moving beyond the confines of the Palmyra marine protected area. The model identified suitable habitats both in and around the protected zone \u2013 now and under predicted climate change scenarios \u2013 other researchers and decisionmakers can utilize that knowledge to inform marine policy and conservation.<\/p>\n Following a 2023 presidential memorandum<\/a>, NOAA began studying and gathering input on whether to expand the protected areas around Palmyra and other parts of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. Analysis from NASA\u2019s Internet of Animals could inform that and similar decisions, such as whether to create protected \u201ccorridors\u201d in the ocean to allow for seasonal migrations of wildlife. The findings and models from the team\u2019s habitat analysis at Palmyra also could help inform conservation at similar latitudes across the planet.<\/p>\n Research at Palmyra Atoll is just one example of work by Internet of Animals scientists.<\/p>\n Claire Teitelbaum, a researcher with the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute based at NASA Ames, studies avian flu in wild waterfowl, investigating how their movement may contribute to transmission of the virus to poultry and other domestic livestock.<\/p>\n Teams at Ames and JPL are also working with USGS to create next-generation wildlife tags and sensors. Low-power radar tags in development at JPL would be lightweight enough to track small birds. Ames researchers plan to develop long-range radio tags capable of maximizing coverage and transmission of data from high-flying birds. This could help researchers take measurements in hard-to-reach layers of the atmosphere.<\/p>\n With the technology brought together by the Internet of Animals, even wildlife can take an active role in the study of Earth\u2019s interacting systems, helping human experts learn more about our planet and how best to confront the challenges facing the natural world.<\/p>\n To learn more about the Internet of Animals visit: https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-earth-exchange-nex\/new-missions-support\/internet-of-animals\/<\/a><\/p>\n The Internet of Animals project is funded by NASA and managed at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. The team at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley is part of the NASA Earth Exchange, a Big Data initiative\u00a0providing unique insights into Earth\u2019s systems using the agency\u2019s supercomputers at the center. Partners on the project include the U.S. Geological Survey, The Nature Conservancy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Yale Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Stanford University, University of Hawaii, University of California Santa Barbara, San Jose State University, University of Washington, and the Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n Members of the news media interested in covering this topic should reach out to the NASA Ames newsroom<\/a>.<\/p>\n Milan Loiacono is a science communication specialist for the Earth Science Division at NASA Ames Research Center.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/a><\/figure><\/a><\/figure>The Internet of Animals at Palmyra<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
<\/a><\/figure><\/a><\/figure>Beyond the Sea: Other Internet of Animals Studies<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n
For Researchers<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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Media Contacts<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n
About the Author<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\nMilan Loiacono<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
Share<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n