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<\/a><\/figure>The 3-Dimensional Multifunctional Ablative Thermal Protection System (3D-MAT) is a thermal protection material developed as a critical component of Orion, NASA\u2019s newest spacecraft built for human deep space missions.<\/a> It is able to maintain a high level of strength while enduring extreme temperatures during re-entry into Earth\u2019s atmosphere at the end of Artemis missions to the Moon. 3D-MAT has become an essential piece of technology for NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign that will establish the foundation for long-term scientific exploration at the Moon and prepare for human expeditions to Mars, for the benefit of all.<\/p>\n The 3D-MAT project emerged from a technical problem in early designs of the Orion spacecraft. The compression pad\u2014the connective interface between the crew module, where astronauts reside, and the service module carrying power, propulsion, supplies, and more\u2014was exhibiting issues during Orion\u2019s first test flight, Exploration Flight Test-1, in 2014. NASA engineers realized they needed to find a new material for the compression pad that could hold these different components of Orion together while withstanding the extremely high temperatures of atmospheric re-entry. Using a 3D weave for NASA heat shield materials had been explored, but after the need for a new material for the compression pad was discovered, development quickly escalated.<\/p>\n This led to the evolution of 3D-MAT, a material woven with quartz yarn and cyanate ester resin in a unique three-dimensional design. The quartz yarn used is like a more advanced version of the fiberglass insulation you might have in your attic, and the resin is essentially a high-tech glue. These off-the-shelf aerospace materials were chosen for their ability to maintain their strength and keep heat out at extremely high temperatures. 3D-MAT is woven together with a specialized loom, which packs the yarns tightly together, and then injected with resin using a unique pressurized process. The result is a high-performance material that is extremely effective at maintaining strength when it\u2019s hot, while also insulating the heat from the spacecraft it is protecting.<\/p>\n Within three years, 3D-MAT went from an early-stage concept to a well-developed material and has now been integrated onto NASA\u2019s flagship Artemis campaign. The use of 3D-MAT in the Orion spacecraft\u2019s compression pad during the successful Artemis I mission demonstrated the material\u2019s essential role for NASA\u2019s human spaceflight efforts. This development was made possible within such a short span of time because of the team\u2019s collaboration with small businesses including Bally Ribbon Mills, which developed the weaving process, and San Diego Composites, which co-developed the resin infusion procedure with NASA.<\/p>\n The team behind its development won the NASA Invention of the Year Award, a prestigious honor recognizing how essential 3D-MAT was for the successful Artemis flight and how significant it is for NASA\u2019s future Artemis missions. The inventor team recognized includes Jay Feldman and Ethiraj Venkatapathy from NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley, Curt Wilkinson of Bally Ribbon Mills, and Ken Mercer of Dynovas.<\/p>\n 3D-MAT has applications beyond NASA as well. Material processing capabilities enabled by 3D-MAT have led to other products such as structural parts for Formula One racecars and rocket motor casings. Several potential uses of 3D-MAT in commercial aerospace vehicles and defense are being evaluated based on its properties and performance.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n The 3D-MAT project is led out of NASA Ames with the support of various partners, including Bally Ribbon Mills, NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston, and NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Viginia, with the support of the Game Changing Development Program through NASA\u2019s Space Technology Mission Directorate.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Members of the news media interested in covering this topic should reach out to the\u00a0NASA Ames newsroom<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/a><\/figure>Milestones<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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