{"id":10527,"date":"2024-03-25T18:05:28","date_gmt":"2024-03-25T22:05:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/nasa-to-launch-sounding-rockets-into-moons-shadow-during-solar-eclipse\/"},"modified":"2024-03-25T18:05:28","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T22:05:28","slug":"nasa-to-launch-sounding-rockets-into-moons-shadow-during-solar-eclipse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobi.alcowep.com\/bourtagshdrevxnls658739\/nasa-to-launch-sounding-rockets-into-moons-shadow-during-solar-eclipse\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA to Launch Sounding Rockets into Moon\u2019s Shadow During Solar Eclipse"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">NASA to Launch Sounding Rockets into Moon\u2019s Shadow During Solar Eclipse<\/h2>\n<p><!-- no image --><\/p>\n<div class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\">\n<div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\">\n<p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">5 min read<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">NASA to Launch Sounding Rockets into Moon\u2019s Shadow During Solar Eclipse<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>NASA will launch three sounding rockets during the total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, to study how Earth\u2019s upper atmosphere is affected when sunlight momentarily dims over a portion of the planet.<\/p>\n<p>The Atmospheric Perturbations around Eclipse Path (APEP) sounding rockets will launch from NASA\u2019s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia to study the disturbances in the <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/10-things-to-know-about-the-ionosphere\" rel=\"noopener\">ionosphere<\/a> created when the Moon eclipses the Sun. The <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/skywatching\/eclipses\/solar-eclipses\/2023-solar-eclipse\/to-study-atmosphere-nasa-rockets-will-fly-into-oct-eclipses-shadow\/\" rel=\"noopener\">sounding rockets had been previously launched<\/a> and successfully recovered from White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico, during the <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/eclipses\/future-eclipses\/eclipse-2023\/\" rel=\"noopener\">October 2023 annular solar eclipse<\/a>. They have been refurbished with new instrumentation and will be relaunched in April 2024. The mission is led by Aroh Barjatya, a professor of engineering physics at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Florida, where he directs the Space and Atmospheric Instrumentation Lab.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A group of people wearing blue jackets pose for the picture. They stand inside a tall, industrial room. Three silver rockets are behind them.\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg 6072w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/img-8521-group1.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This photo shows the three APEP sounding rockets and the support team after successful assembly. The team lead, Aroh Barjatya, is at the top center, standing next to the guardrails on the second floor.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Berit Bland<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The sounding rockets will launch at three different times: 45 minutes before, during, and 45 minutes after the peak local eclipse. These intervals are important to collect data on how the Sun\u2019s sudden disappearance affects the ionosphere, creating disturbances that have the potential to interfere with our communications.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><video class=\"hds-video-background\" alt=\"Against a black background, the Moon slowly moves in front of the orange and yellow Sun. It totally blocks the Sun, and the Sun's white wispy corona streams out around the Moon. Then, the Moon moves off the Sun again, creating a crescent Sun, until the Sun is completely visible.\" autoplay=\"true\" loop=\"true\" muted=\"true\" playsinline=\"true\" preload=\"none\"><source src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/totalglow-4k-60fps-4-14-2023a-2160p60-2.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/video><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This conceptual animation is an example of what observers might expect to see during a total solar eclipse, like the one happening over the United States on April 8, 2024. <\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\u2019s Scientific Visualization Studio.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The ionosphere is a region of Earth\u2019s atmosphere that is between 55 to 310 miles (90 to 500 kilometers) above the ground. \u201cIt\u2019s an electrified region that reflects and refracts radio signals, and also impacts satellite communications as the signals pass through,\u201d said Barjatya. \u201cUnderstanding the ionosphere and developing models to help us predict disturbances is crucial to making sure our increasingly communication-dependent world operates smoothly.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The ionosphere forms the boundary between Earth\u2019s lower atmosphere \u2013 where we live and breathe \u2013 and the vacuum of space. It is made up of a sea of particles that become ionized, or electrically charged, from the Sun\u2019s energy, or solar radiation. When night falls, the ionosphere thins out as previously ionized particles relax and recombine back into neutral particles. However, Earth\u2019s terrestrial weather and space weather can impact these particles, making it a dynamic region and difficult to know what the ionosphere will be like at a given time.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/fluxspacecraft.gif?w=640\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A cartoon Earth becomes shadowed as it turns from day to night, to day again. Red swirls sweep across the planet when it's daytime. Satellites orbit around the planet.\" block_context=\"nasa-block\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">An animation depicts changes in the ionosphere over a 24-hour period. The red and yellow swaths represent high-density ionized particles during the day. The purple dots represent neutral, relaxed particles at night.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Krystofer Kim<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>It\u2019s often difficult to study short-term changes in the ionosphere during an eclipse with satellites because they may not be at the right place or time to cross the eclipse path. Since the exact date and times of the total solar eclipse are known, NASA can launch targeted sounding rockets to study the effects of the eclipse at the right time and at all altitudes of the ionosphere.<\/p>\n<p>As the eclipse shadow races through the atmosphere, it creates a rapid, localized sunset that triggers large-scale atmospheric waves and small-scale disturbances, or perturbations. These perturbations affect different radio communication frequencies. Gathering the data on these perturbations will help scientists validate and improve current models that help predict potential disturbances to our communications, especially high frequency communication.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bowwaves-bw-w121-n01-e30-ezgif.com-video-to-gif-converter.gif?w=600\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A map of the U.S. on a graph. The map is covered with light green, teal, and yellow dots. As the path of the Moon's shadow sweeps from the northwest US to the southeast US, the dots changed to a dark blue color.\" block_context=\"nasa-block\"><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The animation depicts the waves created by ionized particles during the 2017 total solar eclipse.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">MIT Haystack Observatory\/Shun-rong Zhang. Zhang, S.-R., Erickson, P. J., Goncharenko, L. P., Coster, A. J., Rideout, W. &#038; Vierinen, J. (2017). Ionospheric Bow Waves and Perturbations Induced by the 21 August 2017 Solar Eclipse. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(24), 12,067-12,073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017GL076054.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The APEP rockets are expected to reach a maximum altitude of 260 miles (420 kilometers). Each rocket will measure charged and neutral particle density and surrounding electric and magnetic fields. \u201cEach rocket will eject four secondary instruments the size of a two-liter soda bottle that also measure the same data points, so it\u2019s similar to results from fifteen rockets, while only launching three,\u201d explained Barjatya. Three secondary instruments on each rocket were built by Embry-Riddle, and the fourth one was built at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the rockets, several teams across the U.S. will also be taking measurements of the ionosphere by various means. A team of students from Embry-Riddle will deploy a series of high-altitude balloons. Co-investigators from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u2019s Haystack Observatory in Massachusetts, and the Air Force Research Laboratory in New Mexico, will operate a variety of ground-based radars taking measurements. Using this data, a team of scientists from Embry-Riddle and Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory are refining existing models. Together, these various investigations will help provide the puzzle pieces needed to see the bigger picture of ionospheric dynamics.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><video class=\"hds-video-background\" alt=\"NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center\" autoplay=\"true\" loop=\"true\" muted=\"true\" playsinline=\"true\" preload=\"none\"><source src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13181-soundingrocket-text-prores.webm\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/video><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A sounding rocket is able to carry science instruments between 30 and 300 miles above Earth\u2019s surface. These altitudes are typically too high for science balloons and too low for satellites to access safely, making sounding rockets the only platforms that can carry out direct measurements in these regions.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>When the APEP sounding rockets launched during the 2023 annular solar eclipse, scientists saw a sharp reduction in the density of charged particles as the annular eclipse shadow passed over the atmosphere. \u201cWe saw the perturbations capable of affecting radio communications in the second and third rockets, but not during the first rocket that was before peak local eclipse\u201d said Barjatya. \u201cWe are super excited to relaunch them during the total eclipse, to see if the perturbations start at the same altitude and if their magnitude and scale remain the same.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The next total solar eclipse over the contiguous U.S. is not until 2044, so these experiments are a rare opportunity for scientists to collect crucial data.<\/p>\n<p>The APEP launches will be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eqzUSLUAGE0\" rel=\"noopener\">live streamed<\/a> via NASA\u2019s Wallops\u2019 official YouTube page and featured in <a href=\"http:\/\/go.nasa.gov\/Eclipse2024Live\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u2019s official broadcast<\/a> of the total solar eclipse. The public can also watch the launches in person from 1-4 p.m. at the NASA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wallops\/visitor-center\/view-a-launch-from-nasa-wallops-visitor-center\/\">Wallops Flight Facility Visitor Center<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>By Desiree Apodaca<\/strong><br \/><strong>NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div 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margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Mar 25, 2024<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"article-tags\">\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/eclipses\/future-eclipses\/eclipse-2024\/\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 Solar Eclipse<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/eclipses\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Eclipses<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\/\">Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/heliophysics\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Heliophysics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/heliophysics\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Heliophysics Division<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/heliophysics\/programs\/research\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Heliophysics Research Program<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/category\/science-research\/earth-science\/weather-atmosphere\/ionosphere\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Ionosphere<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Science &#038; Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/about-us\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Mission Directorate<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/skywatching\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Skywatching<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/category\/solar-system\/skywatching\/eclipses\/solar-eclipses\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Solar Eclipses<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/heliophysics\/programs\/sounding-rockets\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Sounding Rockets Program<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wallops\/\">Wallops Flight Facility<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\n<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/missions\/hubble\/hubble-sees-new-star-proclaiming-presence-with-cosmic-lightshow\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?w=260\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg 1903w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=260,300 260w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=768,885 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=889,1024 889w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=1333,1536 1333w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=1777,2048 1777w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=347,400 347w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=521,600 521w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=781,900 781w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=1041,1200 1041w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-fstau-acs-flat-final2.jpg?resize=1736,2000 1736w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">3 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Hubble Sees New Star Proclaiming Presence with Cosmic Lightshow<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 hours ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/biological-physical-sciences\/international-space-station-welcomes-biological-and-physical-science-experiments\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?w=225\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg 3024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?resize=225,300 225w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?resize=768,1024 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?resize=1152,1536 1152w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?resize=1536,2048 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?resize=300,400 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?resize=450,600 450w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?resize=675,900 675w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?resize=900,1200 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2023e038726orig.jpg?resize=1500,2000 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">3 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">International Space Station welcomes biological and physical science experiments<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/missions\/hubble\/hubble-spots-the-spider-galaxy\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg 4000w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=300,292 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=768,747 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=1024,997 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=1536,1495 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=2048,1993 2048w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=400,389 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=600,584 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=900,876 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=1200,1168 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hubble-ugc5829-potw2412a-2.jpg?resize=2000,1947 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">2 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Hubble Spots the Spider Galaxy<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover Related Topics<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/eclipses\/future-eclipses\/eclipse-2024\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>2024 Total Eclipse<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"340\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/903_total_solar.jpg?w=340\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/903_total_solar.jpg 340w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/903_total_solar.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/903_total_solar.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/903_total_solar.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/903_total_solar.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/903_total_solar.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/eclipses\/future-eclipses\/eclipse-2024\/safety\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Safety<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg 2000w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/5685_5685-1.jpeg?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/eclipses\/future-eclipses\/eclipse-2024\/live\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>2024 Total Solar Eclipse Broadcast<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1219\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg 2047w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?resize=300,238 300w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?resize=768,609 768w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?resize=1024,812 1024w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?resize=1536,1219 1536w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?resize=400,317 400w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?resize=600,476 600w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?resize=900,714 900w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?resize=1200,952 1200w, https:\/\/smd-cms.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/36548089062-c94434d3c8-k.jpg?resize=2000,1587 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/eclipses\/future-eclipses\/eclipse-2024\/eclipse-2024-science\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Eclipse 2024 Science<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1423\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/14447-002-img-8419-e1709593825277.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" block_context=\"nasa-block\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wpematico_credit\"><small>Powered by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpematico.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WPeMatico<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/skywatching\/nasa-to-launch-sounding-rockets-into-moons-shadow-during-solar-eclipse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get The Details&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NASA will launch three sounding rockets during the total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, to study how Earth\u2019s upper atmosphere is affected when sunlight momentarily dims over a portion of the planet. 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