\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Marshall Star for March 6, 2024\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"On](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/im1-landing-intuitie-machines.png?w=1536\")
<\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\nMarshall Supports NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 Launch<\/strong><\/h2>\nBy Jessica Barnett<\/em><\/p>\nTeam members at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center celebrated another successful launch as astronauts on NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 mission<\/a> began the journey to the International Space Station in the late hours of March 3.<\/p>\nMarshall\u2019s support team is part of the agency\u2019s CCP (Commercial Crew Program<\/a>) team, which partners with private companies, such as SpaceX, to develop commercial crew space transportation capabilities to and from the space station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/53566548116-1f31112a0f-k.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nA SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the company\u2019s Dragon spacecraft launches NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 mission to the International Space Station, with NASA astronauts Matthew Dominick, Michael Barratt, and Jeanette Epps, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Grebenkin aboard. Crew-8 is the eighth crew rotation mission with SpaceX to the station, and the ninth flight of Dragon with crew members as part of the agency\u2019s Commercial Crew Program. <\/div>\nNASA\/Bill Stafford<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nLong before liftoff, the Marshall team was hard at work to ensure the launch vehicle was ready for spaceflight. For Mark Armstrong, a testing verification analyst for CCP at Marshall, that meant carefully reviewing any changes made to SpaceX\u2019s Falcon 9 rocket after the Crew-7 mission<\/a> in August 2023, and making sure those changes are consistent with flight requirements ahead of Crew-8\u2019s launch.<\/p>\n\u201cMy work is generally done before launch date, so for the day of launch, I get to sit back and enjoy watching Crew-8 ride to the International Space Station,\u201d Armstrong said. \u201cThen, I\u2019m looking ahead to the next mission.\u201d<\/p>\n
Others, like David Gwaltney, remain on the clock for day-of launch operations. Gwaltney serves as a technical assistant for CCP\u2019s Launch Vehicle Systems Office at Marshall, working with other teams to make sure the launch vehicle is certified for flight.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"NASA\u2019s](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/53565505842-62bd4eac20-k.jpg?w=1365\")
<\/figure>\nNASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 crew members walk out of the Neil A. Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building on March 3 at the agency\u2019s Kennedy Space Center. From left to right, NASA astronaut Michael Barratt, Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Grebenkin, and NASA astronauts Matthew Dominick and Jeanette Epps make their way to waiting vehicles for the trip to Kennedy\u2019s Launch Complex 39A. They later launched from the complex to the International Space Station aboard SpaceX\u2019s Dragon spacecraft atop the Falcon 9 rocket. <\/div>\nNASA\/Kim Shiflett<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nOn the day of launch, Gwaltney joins team members in the HOSC (Huntsville Operations Support Center), a multi-mission facility that provides engineering and mission operations support for the space station, CCP, and more.<\/p>\n
Crew-7 launched early in the morning, but \u201cthis time around, I showed up to the HOSC around dinnertime,\u201d Gwaltney said. \u201cMostly, I monitored the launch system to make sure everything\u2019s working properly, the vehicle is healthy during flight, and the crew makes it to orbit safely.\u201d<\/p>\n
Crew-8 reached orbit after a successful launch from Launch Complex 39A at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center, eventually docking on the space station at 1:28 a.m. CST March 5. It\u2019s the agency\u2019s ninth crewed mission with SpaceX to the space station, launching five years and one day after NASA\u2019s first uncrewed orbital flight, Demo-1<\/a>, with SpaceX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"The](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/i5up73gq.png?w=900\")
<\/figure>\nThe four Crew-8 members, front row, join the Expedition 70 crew for welcome remarks shortly after docking and entering the space station March 5. <\/div>\nNASA TV<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\u201cWe even had a shooting star during ascent! This launch was tremendous,\u201d said Maggie Freeman, program analyst supporting the Launch Vehicle Systems Office within the Commercial Crew Program at Marshall. \u201cCrew-8 now marks 50 people who we have successfully flown into space on Crew Dragon in just five short years. I\u2019m immensely proud of our team and looking forward to many more milestones.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cWe are all contributors to making history and forging the future of space travel and exploration,\u201d said Deborah Crane, launch vehicle chief engineer for the Commercial Crew Program at Marshall. \u201cIncreasing our knowledge of our planet, solar system, and universe is always inspirational and exciting. I am so proud to be part of the Commercial Crew Program and to work with such a talented and dedicated team.\u201d<\/p>\n
Crew-8 will conduct new scientific research<\/a> to prepare for human exploration beyond Low Earth orbit, including a study of brain organoids to understand neurodegenerative disorders, shifts in body fluids<\/a> during spaceflight, and the effects of UV radiation and microgravity on plant growth<\/a>. In all, more than 200 science experiments and technology demonstrations will take place during their mission.<\/p>\nBarnett, a Media Fusion employee, supports the Marshall Office of Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nHuntsville Operations Support Center Raises Flag for Crew-8 Mission<\/strong><\/h2>\nBy Celine Smith<\/em><\/p>\nTeam members at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center gathered to unfurl a flag for NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 mission on Feb. 28, just days before Crew-8 launched<\/a> to the International Space Station on March 3.<\/p>\nThe flag raising has been a tradition for missions supported at Marshall\u2019s HOSC (Huntsville Operations Support Center), as well as a tradition within the CCP (Commercial Crew Program) to celebrate the successful conclusion of NASA\u2019s Agency Flight Readiness Review prior to launch. The Crew-8 mission event was the first flag raising to be held as a joint effort between the PMOD (Payload and Mission Operations Division) and CCP team. Marshall team members from both organizations were in attendance.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"From](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ar06075.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nFrom left, Nicole Pelfrey, manager of Payload and Mission Operations Division; Rick Oelkers, ground systems operations team lead; Eric Earhart, rotordynamics lead; and Dave Gwaltney, technical assistant for the Commercial Crew Program\u2019s Launch Vehicle Systems Office special systems, stand on the staircase as Oelkers and Earhart prepare to unveil the Crew-8 mission flag. <\/div>\nNASA\/Alex Russell<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nThe HOSC is a multi-purpose facility that provides engineering and mission operations support for the space station, NASA\u2019s Commercial Crew Program<\/a>, and Artemis missions as well as science and technology demonstration missions. The Marshall team that supports the agency\u2019s CCP partnered with the HOSC during the SpaceX Demo-2 crewed test flight in 2020. Since then, the team has continued to utilize the HOSC for simulations, static fires, and launch operations, including the Crew-8 mission. The Payload Operations Integration Center<\/a> within the HOSC operates, plans, and coordinates the science experiments onboard the space station 365 days a year, 24 hours a day.<\/p>\nTwo engineers were selected to unveil and raise the Crew-8 mission flag for their exemplary work.<\/p>\n
Eric Earhart, the rotordynamics lead, was selected by the CCP team for his in-depth analysis of numerous turbopump data sets from past commercial missions in preparation for the Crew-8 mission. Through his role, Earhart identified trends and potential risks within critical turbopump dynamic performances, which led to a better understanding of their behavior. Earhart\u2019s thorough research of turbopump performances allowed launch vehicle management and the propulsion team to have an accurate risk assessment before the mission, according to Dave Gwaltney, technical assistant for CCP\u2019s Launch Vehicle Systems Office.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe are so grateful for Earhart\u2019s tremendous contributions to the Crew-8 mission,\u201d Gwaltney said.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"From](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ar06086.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nFrom left, Pelfrey, Oelkers, Earhart, and Gwaltney smile together after hanging the Crew-8 mission flag.<\/div>\nNASA\/Alex Russell<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nRick Oelkers, the data operations training lead and HOSC resource specialist, was chosen from the PMOD to assist in the flag ceremony. Oelkers was acknowledged as a key interface for coordinating the usage of the HOSC for CCP and ensuring the Operations Support Team is prepared for each mission. Oelkers also has been integral to the division\u2019s efforts to operate more efficiently and in the training of ground systems flight control personnel in preparation for the Crew-8 mission. In his training role, Oelkers creates new programs to better educate HOSC ground controllers.<\/p>\n
\u201cOelkers is the glue that holds the HOSC ground operations team together and he\u2019s an invaluable member of the Payload Mission Operations Division,\u201d said Nicole Pelfrey, PMOD manager.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe\u2019re excited to be supporting the mission and celebrating the launch together while recognizing our team members,\u201d Gwaltney said.<\/p>\n
Watch a highlight from the flag event here.<\/a><\/p>\nSmith,<\/em> a Media Fusion employee, supports the Marshall Office of Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nBEAM Celebrates Black History Month with \u2018The Color of Space\u2019 Screening<\/strong><\/h2>\nBy Celine Smith<\/em><\/p>\nAs part of the observance of Black History Month, the Black Employees and Allies of Marshall (BEAM) employee resource group invited NASA Marshall Space Flight Center team members to watch \u201cThe Color of Space.\u201d<\/p>\n
The film is a NASA documentary where active and retired African American astronauts \u2013 including Jeanette Epps, Stephanie Wilson, and Leland Melvin \u2013 share their stories and answer questions from Vanessa Wyche, director of the agency\u2019s Johnson Space Center. The Marshall screening was Feb. 27 in Activities Building 4316.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"Attendees](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ceb-2051edited.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nAttendees at BEAM\u2019s Black History Month observance event Feb. 27 watch the NASA documentary \u201cThe Color of Space.\u201d On screen is former NASA astronaut Bernard A. Harris Jr., who flew during the Space Shuttle Program. He has logged 438 hours in space. <\/div>\nNASA\/Charles Beason<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\u201cWe hope to foster a deeper understanding of the diverse narratives within the Black community that are sometimes overlooked and misunderstood,\u201d said Nick Benjamin, president of BEAM, and a payload operations director at Marshall. \u201cOur aim is not only to commemorate the past but also to inspire ongoing conversations, awareness, and actions that promote equity, inclusivity, and positive change.\u201d<\/p>\n
Larry Leopard, Marshall\u2019s associate director, technical, attended the event. He gave a speech about the importance of instilling diversity and equality within Marshall and at NASA.<\/p>\n
BEAM\u2019s goal for Black History Month was to showcase and honor the historical contributions, feats, and overall legacy of Black people at NASA and in the country. BEAM\u2019s theme for the month was \u201cAfrican Americans and the Arts.\u201d<\/p>\n
Laila Willis, a 12-year-old violinist from Maitland Conservatory, performed \u201cLift Every Voice and Sing\u201d by John and James Johnson before the screening. She was followed by Whitney Davis, a data management coordinator in the Payload Operations Integration Center. Davis performed an original spoken word poem titled, \u201cWe Are Black History.\u201d To end the event, Kim Jones, a systems engineer for SLS (Space Launch System), performed \u201cTrouble of the World\u201d by Mahalia Jackson.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"Violinist](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ceb-1989.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nViolinist Laila Willis, 12, performs \u201cLift Every Voice and Sing\u201d during the Black History Month observance event. <\/div>\nNASA\/Charles Beason<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nBEAM is an employee resource group created by NASA\u2019s ODEO (Office of Diversity and Equal Opportunity) to connect African American team members at Marshall. BEAM\u2019s mission is to cultivate and encourage a culture of diversity, while providing resources to team members to help develop their careers.<\/p>\n
Benjamin was asked by the ODEO to become president of the BEAM group at Marshall in 2019. \u201cComing from a small town in South Alabama and being one generation removed from sharecroppers, it makes me proud to be a part of such a great history and to also be a part of what NASA will mean for generations to come,\u201d Benjamin said. \u201cI carry the responsibility to make a lasting impression not only at NASA but also on the world.\u201d<\/p>\n
The group decided on the name BEAM to encompass their cause. \u201cWe want to be the \u2018beam\u2019 of light to help someone find their way,\u201d Benjamin said.<\/p>\n
Under Benjamin\u2019s leadership, community outreach has become the group\u2019s main focus. Outside of work, BEAM members spend their personal time organizing events to not only engage Black engineers at Marshall, but also positively influence the next generation to pursue an education and career in STEM and the aerospace industry.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"Kim](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ceb-2072.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nKim Jones, a systems engineer at Marshall, plays \u201cTrouble of the World\u201d during the Black History Month observance.<\/div>\nNASA\/Charles Beason<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\u201cBy promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion, BEAM aims to address challenges, drive cultural awareness, and collaboratively work toward a more inclusive workplace where all voices are not only heard, but also valued,\u201d Benjamin said.<\/p>\n
BEAM has widened their reach by connecting with other Black employee resource groups in Huntsville to increase visibility of job opportunities for African Americans, create a larger network among Black people, and organize community outreach events. BEAM organized the documentary showing with Jacobs Engineering\u2019s African American employee resource group Harambee, and Amazon\u2019s Black Employee Network.<\/p>\n
The organization is also a safe space for Black team members to discuss adversities and issues. Benjamin said being able to freely speak allows for opportunities to address to inequality, which aligns with NASA\u2019s Equity Mission<\/a> to eliminate barriers within agency programs that underserved and underrepresented communities may face.<\/p>\n\u201cBEAM realizes an inclusive, supportive, and dynamic workplace should value diversity because it promotes the well-being and development of all employees,\u201d Benjamin said. \u201cBEAM aims to provide an environment where we can learn from each other and lift each other as we climb higher.\u201d<\/p>\n
Smith, a Media Fusion employee, supports the Marshall Office of Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nNASA Collects First Surface Science in Decades via Commercial Moon Mission<\/strong><\/h2>\nFor the first time in more than 50 years, NASA was able to collect data from new science instruments and technology demonstrations on the Moon. The data comes from the first successful landing of a delivery through NASA\u2019s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services<\/a>) initiative and Artemis campaign.<\/p>\nThe\u00a0six instruments<\/a>\u00a0ceased science and technology operations seven days after landing in the lunar South Pole region aboard\u00a0Intuitive Machines\u2019 Odysseus, meeting pre-launch projected mission operations. Known as IM-1, this was the first U.S. soft landing on the Moon in decades, touching down Feb. 22 and proving commercial vendors can deliver instruments designed to expand the scientific and technical knowledge on the Moon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"Odysseus\u2019](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/csys-surface-hdr-mix-no-logo.png?w=1497\")
<\/figure>\nOdysseus\u2019 landing captured a leg, as it performed its primary task, absorbing first contact with the lunar surface. With the lander\u2019s liquid methane and liquid oxygen engine still throttling, it provided stability.<\/div>\nCredit: Intuitive Machines<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nAboard the lunar lander, NASA science instruments measured the radio noise generated by the Earth and Sun. Technology instruments aided Intuitive Machines in navigating to the Moon and gathered distance and speed (velocity) of the lander as it touched down on the lunar surface.<\/p>\n
\u201cThis mission includes many firsts. This is the first time in over 50 years that an American organization has landed instruments on the surface of the Moon,\u201d said Joel Kearns, deputy association administrator for exploration of NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate. \u201cThis mission also provides evidence of the Commercial Lunar Payload Services model, that NASA can purchase the service of sending instruments to the Moon and receiving their data back. Congratulations to the entire Intuitive Machines team and our NASA scientists and engineers for this next leap to advance exploration and our understanding of Earth\u2019s nearest neighbor.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"Taken](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/landing-wfov-angle-1-1.png?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nOdysseus captured an image Feb. 27 using its narrow-field-of-view camera.<\/div>\nCredit: Intuitive Machines<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nDuring transit from Earth to the Moon, all powered NASA instruments received data and completed transit checkouts.<\/p>\n
\n- During descent, the Radio Frequency Mass Gauge and Navigation Doppler Lidar collected data during the lander\u2019s powered descent and landing.<\/li>\n
- After landing, NASA payload data was acquired consistent with the communications and other constraints resulting from the lander orientation.<\/li>\n
- During surface operations, the Radio-wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the Photoelectron Sheath and Lunar Node-1 were powered on, performed surface operations, and have received data. Lunar Node-1<\/a> was developed, built, and tested at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center.<\/li>\n
- The Stereo Cameras for Lunar Plume-Surface Studies experiment was powered on and captured images during transit and several days after landing but was not successfully commanded to capture images of the lander rocket plume interaction with the lunar surface during landing.<\/li>\n
- The Laser Retroreflector Array is passive, and initial estimates suggest it is accessible for laser ranging from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter\u2019s Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter to create a permanent location marker on the Moon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u201cThe bottom line is every NASA instrument has met some level of their objectives, and we are very excited about that,\u201d said Sue Lederer, project scientist for CLPS. \u201cWe all worked together, and it\u2019s the people who really made a difference and made sure we overcame challenges to this incredible success \u2013 and that is where we are at today, with successes for all of our instruments.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n
NASA and Intuitive Machines\u00a0co-hosted a news conference<\/a>\u00a0Feb. 28 to provide a status update on the six NASA instruments that collected data on the IM-1 mission. Mission challenges and successes were discussed during the briefing, including more than 500 megabytes of science, technology, and spacecraft data downloaded and ready for analysis by NASA and Intuitive Machines.<\/p>\nThe first images from this historical mission are now available and showcase the orientation of the lander along with a view of the South Pole region on the Moon.\u00a0Odysseus is gently leaning into the lunar surface, preserving the ability to return scientific data. After successful transmission of images to Earth, Intuitive Machines continues to gain additional insight into Odysseus\u2019 position on the lunar surface.\u00a0All data gathered from this mission will aid Intuitive Machines in their next two CLPS contracts that NASA has previously awarded.<\/p>\n
\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nNASA, SpaceX Test Starship Lunar Lander Docking System<\/strong><\/h2>\nAs part of NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign that will establish the foundation for long-term scientific exploration at the Moon, crew will need to move between different spacecraft to carry out lunar landings. NASA and SpaceX recently performed qualification testing for the docking system that will help make that possible.\u00a0<\/p>\n
For the\u00a0Artemis III mission<\/a>, astronauts will ride the Orion spacecraft from Earth to lunar orbit, and then once the two spacecraft are docked, move to the lander, the Starship HLS (Human Landing System) that will bring them to the surface. After surface activities are complete, Starship will return the astronauts to Orion waiting in lunar orbit. During later missions, astronauts will transfer from Orion to Starship via the Gateway lunar space station. Based on SpaceX\u2019s flight-proven Dragon 2 docking system used on missions to the International Space Station, the Starship docking system can be configured to connect the lander to Orion or Gateway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"SpaceX](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/jsc2023e076235.jpg?w=1365\")
<\/figure>\nSpaceX and NASA recently performed full-scale qualification testing of the docking system that will connect SpaceX\u2019s Starship Human Landing System with Orion and later Gateway in lunar orbit during future crewed Artemis missions. Based on the flight-proven Dragon 2 active docking system, the Starship HLS docking system will be able to act as an active or passive system during docking.<\/em><\/div>\nSpaceX<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nThe docking system tests for Starship HLS were conducted at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center over 10 days using a system that simulates contact dynamics between two spacecraft in orbit. The testing included more than 200 docking scenarios, with various approach angles and speeds. These real-world results using full-scale hardware will validate computer models of the Moon lander\u2019s docking system.<\/p>\n
This dynamic testing demonstrated that the Starship system could perform a \u201csoft capture\u201d while in the active docking role. When two spacecraft dock, one vehicle assumes an active \u201cchaser\u201d role while the other is in a passive \u201ctarget\u201d role. To perform a soft capture, the soft capture system (SCS) of the active docking system is extended while the passive system on the other spacecraft remains retracted. Latches and other mechanisms on the active docking system SCS attach to the passive system, allowing the two spacecraft to dock.<\/p>\n
Since being selected as the lander to return humans to the surface of the Moon for the first time since Apollo, SpaceX has completed more than 30 human landing system specific milestones by defining and testing hardware needed for power generation, communications, guidance and navigation, propulsion, life support, and space environments protection.<\/p>\n
Under NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign, the agency will land the first woman, first person of color, and its first international partner astronaut on the lunar surface, and prepare for human expeditions to Mars for the benefit of all. Commercial human landing systems are critical to deep space exploration, along with the SLS (Space Launch System) rocket, Orion spacecraft, advanced spacesuits and rovers, exploration ground systems, and the Gateway space station.<\/p>\n
NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center manages the SLS and human landing system programs.<\/p>\n
\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nAgency Opens Astronaut Applications as Newest Class Graduates<\/strong><\/h2>\nNASA welcomed its newest class of next generation Artemis astronauts in a March 5 ceremony at the agency\u2019s Johnson Space Center. The 10 astronaut graduates now are eligible for flight assignments. The agency also announced the opening for the next round of NASA astronaut applications.<\/p>\n
\u201cCongratulations to the newest class of NASA astronauts! We are excited to have a new and diverse set of explorers ready to expand humanity\u2019s reach,\u201d said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. \u201cAstronauts are pioneers who will help us embark on this new era of exploration, and we need more adventurers ready to join the ranks to explore the cosmos, including future missions to the Moon, on to Mars, and beyond.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"The](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/jsc2024e017822.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nNASA newest class of astronauts, selected in 2021, graduate during a ceremony March 5 at the at the agency\u2019s Johnson Space Center.<\/div>\nNASA<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nSelected for training in 2021, the\u00a0astronaut graduates<\/a>\u00a0were chosen from a pool of more than 12,000 applicants and successfully completed more than two years of required basic training, including spacewalking, robotics, space station systems, and more.<\/p>\nThe graduates may be assigned to missions destined for the International Space Station, future commercial space stations, and Artemis campaign missions to the Moon in preparation for Mars.<\/p>\n
\u201cCongratulations to NASA and the astronaut graduates,\u201d said U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Director Kiran Ahuja. \u201cBy partnering with OPM, NASA employed an automated and streamlined hiring process to screen applicants for these prestigious roles. OPM is thrilled to continue supporting NASA experts to design and implement their hiring methods.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cIt\u2019s an incredible time to be an astronaut with a variety of spacecraft to fly and more destinations to explore,\u201d said Chief Astronaut Joe Acaba. \u201cI\u2019m honored to welcome these astronauts, congratulate them on their hard work, and look forward to growing our ranks as we help expand humanity\u2019s reach into the solar system.\u201d<\/p>\n
The graduating NASA astronauts are Nichole Ayers of Colorado Springs, Colorado; Marcos Berr\u00edos of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; Chris Birch of Gilbert, Arizona; Deniz Bunham of Wasilla, Alaska; Luke Delaney of Debary, Florida; Andre Douglas of Chesapeake, Virginia; Jack Hathaway of South Windsor, Connecticut; Anil Menon of Minneapolis; Chris Williams of Potomac, Maryland, and Jessica Wittner of Clovis, California.<\/p>\n
Continuing the long tradition of international partnership, two UAE (United Arab Emirates) astronauts, Nora AlMatrooshi and Mohammad AlMulla of the Mohammad Bin Rashid Space Centre, trained alongside their NASA counterparts for the past two years, as well as participated in the graduation ceremony.<\/p>\n
This is one part of the partnership between NASA the UAE, including cooperation on the International Space Station, NASA\u2019s Artemis missions through the Gateway lunar space station, and other activities on Earth and in space that are supporting groundbreaking science and research.<\/p>\n
To apply to\u00a0become a NASA<\/a>\u00a0astronaut, applicants should go here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nNASA Signs Agreement with Nikon to Develop Lunar Artemis Camera<\/strong><\/h2>\nWhen NASA sends astronauts to the South Pole region of the Moon for the first time with its Artemis campaign, they will capture photos with a handheld camera to help advance scientific research and discovery for the benefit of all. NASA and Nikon Inc. recently signed a\u00a0Space Act Agreement<\/a>\u00a0that outlines how they will work together to develop a handheld camera that can operate in the harsh lunar environment for use beginning with\u00a0Artemis III<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\nPhotographing the lunar South Pole region requires a modern camera with specialized capabilities to manage the extreme\u00a0lighting conditions and temperatures<\/a>\u00a0unique to the area. The agreement enables NASA to have a space-rated camera ready for use on the lunar surface without needing to develop one from scratch.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"NASA](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/wjs-5953.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nNASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Drew Feustel practice using an early design of the Handheld Universal Lunar Camera during the Joint Extravehicular Activity and Human Surface Mobility Test Team Field Test 3 in Arizona.<\/div>\nNASA\/Bill Stafford<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nPrior to the agreement, NASA performed initial testing on a standard Nikon Z 9 camera to determine the specifications a camera would need to operate on the lunar surface. With the agreement in place, teams at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center, along with Nikon, have started working to implement the necessary adjustments and develop the HULC (Handheld Universal Lunar Camera), the agency\u2019s next-generation camera astronauts will use on the Moon.\u00a0<\/p>\n
The resulting design consists of a modified Nikon Z 9 camera and Nikkor lenses, NASA\u2019s thermal blanket, which will protect the camera from dust and extreme temperatures, and a custom grip with modified buttons developed by NASA engineers for easier handling by suited crew members wearing thick gloves during a moonwalk.\u00a0In addition, the camera will incorporate the latest imagery technology and will have modified electrical components to minimize issues caused by radiation, ensuring the camera operates as intended on the Moon.\u00a0<\/p>\n
The camera will be the first mirrorless handheld camera used on the Moon, designed for capturing imagery in low-light environments. Prior to Artemis missions, the camera will be used at the International Space Station to demonstrate its capabilities.\u00a0<\/p>\n
For over 50 years, NASA has used a variety of cameras in space, including the cameras crew members currently use at the International Space Station to take photos of science experiments, day-to-day operations, and during spacewalks while they orbit about 250 miles above Earth.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"NASA](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/53284128916-dd131f8857-k.jpg?w=2048\")
<\/figure>\nNASA astronaut Jessica Wittner uses an early design of the Artemis lunar camera to take photos during planetary geological field training in Lanzarote, Spain.<\/div>\nEuropean Space Agency\/A. Romero<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nDuring the Apollo program, crewmembers took over 18,000 photos using modified large-format, handheld cameras. However, those cameras didn\u2019t have viewfinders, so astronauts were trained to aim the camera from chest-level where it attached to the front of the spacesuit. In addition, Apollo\u00a0crewmembers had to use separate cameras for photos and video. The new lunar camera will have a viewfinder and video capabilities to capture both still imagery and video on a single device.\u00a0<\/p>\n
To ensure camera performance on the lunar surface, NASA has begun thermal, vacuum, and radiation testing on the lunar camera to see how it behaves in a space-like environment. Suited NASA crewmembers have used the camera to capture imagery of geology tasks during simulated\u00a0moonwalks<\/a>\u00a0in Arizona, and an international crew of astronauts from NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and JAXA (Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency) used it during\u00a0geology training<\/a>\u00a0in Lanzarote, Spain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\nNASA crewmembers will use the camera during the Joint Extravehicular Activity and Human Surface Mobility Test Team Field Test #5, an upcoming analog mission in Arizona where teams will conduct simulated moonwalks in the desert to practice lunar operations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
Through NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign, the agency\u00a0will land the first woman, the first person of color, and its first international partner astronaut on the surface of the Moon, paving the way for a long-term lunar presence and serving as a steppingstone to send the first astronauts to Mars.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nAgency Awards Contracts for Flight, Payload Integration Services<\/strong><\/h2>\nNASA has selected 15 companies to provide flight and payload integration services to advance technologies and procedures for operating in space, including testing in high-altitude, reduced gravity, or other relevant environments.\u00a0Examples of payloads include NASA science instruments or technology demonstrations.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"NASA](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/nasa_meatball_for_carousel_120820.jpg?w=950\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nThe indefinite-delivery\/indefinite-quantity base contract awards are firm-fixed-price with a total combined value of $45 million and a performance period of five years. The flights and other services covered by these contracts are for use by NASA and other government agencies. The types of platforms that will be used for testing include suborbital rockets, high-altitude balloons, orbital spacecraft and satellites, and, in some instances, suborbital rockets that can accommodate carry people.<\/p>\n
The following companies have been awarded contracts to provide services through demonstrated commercial capabilities:<\/p>\n
\n- Aerostar International, Inc., of Sioux Falls, South Dakota<\/li>\n
- Angstrom Designs Inc., of Santa Barbara, California<\/li>\n
- Astrobotic Technology Inc., of Pittsburgh<\/li>\n
- Astro Digital US Inc., of Santa Clara, California<\/li>\n
- Blue Origin Texas, LLC of Van Horn, Texas<\/li>\n
- Galactic Enterprises, LLC of Las Cruces, New Mexico<\/li>\n
- Loft Orbital Federal, LLC of Golden, Colorado<\/li>\n
- Momentus Space LLC of San Jose, California<\/li>\n
- Near Space Corp., of Tillamook, Oregon<\/li>\n
- Rocket Lab USA Inc., of Long Beach, California<\/li>\n
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp., of Hawthorne, California<\/li>\n
- Spire Global Subsidiary, Inc., of Vienna, Virginia<\/li>\n
- Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., of Irvine, California<\/li>\n
- Varda Space Industries, Inc., of El Segundo, California<\/li>\n
- World View Enterprises Inc., of Tucson, Arizona<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The contracts are in support of NASA\u2019s\u00a0Flight Opportunities<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Small Spacecraft Technology<\/a>\u00a0programs, both part of the NASA\u2019s Space Technology Mission Directorate at the agency\u2019s headquarters. These programs support technology development and missions to change the pace of space exploration, discovery, and space commerce.<\/p>\nFor information about the flight platforms available through NASA\u2019s Flight Opportunities program, visit here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nOSIRIS-APEX Journey Highlighted on \u2018This Week at NASA\u2019<\/strong><\/h2>\nPreliminary telemetry indicates that NASA\u2019s OSIRIS-APEX<\/a> spacecraft, formerly known as OSIRIS-REx<\/a>, recently completed an operation that brought it 25 million miles closer to the Sun than it was designed to function. The mission is featured in \u201cThis Week @ NASA,\u201d a weekly video program broadcast on NASA-TV and posted online.<\/p>\nThe close pass of the Sun, or perihelion was the first of seven OSIRIS-APEX will make on its journey to study asteroid Apophis, which is expected to have a rare close encounter with Earth in April 2029. NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center provides overall mission management, systems engineering, and the safety and mission assurance for OSIRIS-APEX<\/a>.<\/p>\nOSIRIS-APEX is the third mission in NASA\u2019s New Frontiers Program, managed by the agency\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center for the agency\u2019s Science Mission Directorate.<\/p>\n
View this and previous episodes at \u201cThis Week @NASA\u201d on NASA\u2019s\u00a0YouTube<\/a>\u00a0page.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nJuno Mission Measures Oxygen Production at Europa<\/strong><\/h2>\nScientists with NASA\u2019s\u00a0Juno<\/a>\u00a0mission to Jupiter have calculated the rate of oxygen being produced at the Jovian moon Europa to be substantially less than most previous studies. Published on March 4 in\u00a0Nature Astronomy<\/a>, the findings were derived by measuring hydrogen outgassing from the icy moon\u2019s surface using data collected by the spacecraft\u2019s JADE (Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment) instrument.<\/p>\nThe paper\u2019s authors estimate the amount of oxygen produced to be around 26 pounds every second. Previous estimates range from a few pounds to over 2,000 pounds per second. Scientists believe that some of the oxygen produced in this manner could work its way into the moon\u2019s subsurface ocean as a possible source of metabolic energy.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n![\"This](\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/e1c-pia25695-europa_globe_already_in_pj.jpg?w=985\")
<\/figure>\nThis view of Jupiter\u2019s icy moon Europa was captured by the JunoCam imager aboard NASA\u2019s Juno spacecraft during the mission\u2019s close flyby on Sept. 29, 2022.<\/div>\nImage data: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/SwRI\/MSSS. Image processing: Kevin M. Gill CC BY 3.0<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\nMarshall Supports NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 Launch<\/strong><\/h2>\nBy Jessica Barnett<\/em><\/p>\nTeam members at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center celebrated another successful launch as astronauts on NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 mission<\/a> began the journey to the International Space Station in the late hours of March 3.<\/p>\nMarshall\u2019s support team is part of the agency\u2019s CCP (Commercial Crew Program<\/a>) team, which partners with private companies, such as SpaceX, to develop commercial crew space transportation capabilities to and from the space station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\nA SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the company\u2019s Dragon spacecraft launches NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 mission to the International Space Station, with NASA astronauts Matthew Dominick, Michael Barratt, and Jeanette Epps, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Grebenkin aboard. Crew-8 is the eighth crew rotation mission with SpaceX to the station, and the ninth flight of Dragon with crew members as part of the agency\u2019s Commercial Crew Program. <\/div>\nNASA\/Bill Stafford<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nLong before liftoff, the Marshall team was hard at work to ensure the launch vehicle was ready for spaceflight. For Mark Armstrong, a testing verification analyst for CCP at Marshall, that meant carefully reviewing any changes made to SpaceX\u2019s Falcon 9 rocket after the Crew-7 mission<\/a> in August 2023, and making sure those changes are consistent with flight requirements ahead of Crew-8\u2019s launch.<\/p>\n\u201cMy work is generally done before launch date, so for the day of launch, I get to sit back and enjoy watching Crew-8 ride to the International Space Station,\u201d Armstrong said. \u201cThen, I\u2019m looking ahead to the next mission.\u201d<\/p>\n
Others, like David Gwaltney, remain on the clock for day-of launch operations. Gwaltney serves as a technical assistant for CCP\u2019s Launch Vehicle Systems Office at Marshall, working with other teams to make sure the launch vehicle is certified for flight.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nNASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 crew members walk out of the Neil A. Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building on March 3 at the agency\u2019s Kennedy Space Center. From left to right, NASA astronaut Michael Barratt, Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Grebenkin, and NASA astronauts Matthew Dominick and Jeanette Epps make their way to waiting vehicles for the trip to Kennedy\u2019s Launch Complex 39A. They later launched from the complex to the International Space Station aboard SpaceX\u2019s Dragon spacecraft atop the Falcon 9 rocket. <\/div>\nNASA\/Kim Shiflett<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nOn the day of launch, Gwaltney joins team members in the HOSC (Huntsville Operations Support Center), a multi-mission facility that provides engineering and mission operations support for the space station, CCP, and more.<\/p>\n
Crew-7 launched early in the morning, but \u201cthis time around, I showed up to the HOSC around dinnertime,\u201d Gwaltney said. \u201cMostly, I monitored the launch system to make sure everything\u2019s working properly, the vehicle is healthy during flight, and the crew makes it to orbit safely.\u201d<\/p>\n
Crew-8 reached orbit after a successful launch from Launch Complex 39A at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center, eventually docking on the space station at 1:28 a.m. CST March 5. It\u2019s the agency\u2019s ninth crewed mission with SpaceX to the space station, launching five years and one day after NASA\u2019s first uncrewed orbital flight, Demo-1<\/a>, with SpaceX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\nThe four Crew-8 members, front row, join the Expedition 70 crew for welcome remarks shortly after docking and entering the space station March 5. <\/div>\nNASA TV<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\u201cWe even had a shooting star during ascent! This launch was tremendous,\u201d said Maggie Freeman, program analyst supporting the Launch Vehicle Systems Office within the Commercial Crew Program at Marshall. \u201cCrew-8 now marks 50 people who we have successfully flown into space on Crew Dragon in just five short years. I\u2019m immensely proud of our team and looking forward to many more milestones.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cWe are all contributors to making history and forging the future of space travel and exploration,\u201d said Deborah Crane, launch vehicle chief engineer for the Commercial Crew Program at Marshall. \u201cIncreasing our knowledge of our planet, solar system, and universe is always inspirational and exciting. I am so proud to be part of the Commercial Crew Program and to work with such a talented and dedicated team.\u201d<\/p>\n
Crew-8 will conduct new scientific research<\/a> to prepare for human exploration beyond Low Earth orbit, including a study of brain organoids to understand neurodegenerative disorders, shifts in body fluids<\/a> during spaceflight, and the effects of UV radiation and microgravity on plant growth<\/a>. In all, more than 200 science experiments and technology demonstrations will take place during their mission.<\/p>\nBarnett, a Media Fusion employee, supports the Marshall Office of Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nHuntsville Operations Support Center Raises Flag for Crew-8 Mission<\/strong><\/h2>\nBy Celine Smith<\/em><\/p>\nTeam members at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center gathered to unfurl a flag for NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 mission on Feb. 28, just days before Crew-8 launched<\/a> to the International Space Station on March 3.<\/p>\nThe flag raising has been a tradition for missions supported at Marshall\u2019s HOSC (Huntsville Operations Support Center), as well as a tradition within the CCP (Commercial Crew Program) to celebrate the successful conclusion of NASA\u2019s Agency Flight Readiness Review prior to launch. The Crew-8 mission event was the first flag raising to be held as a joint effort between the PMOD (Payload and Mission Operations Division) and CCP team. Marshall team members from both organizations were in attendance.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nFrom left, Nicole Pelfrey, manager of Payload and Mission Operations Division; Rick Oelkers, ground systems operations team lead; Eric Earhart, rotordynamics lead; and Dave Gwaltney, technical assistant for the Commercial Crew Program\u2019s Launch Vehicle Systems Office special systems, stand on the staircase as Oelkers and Earhart prepare to unveil the Crew-8 mission flag. <\/div>\nNASA\/Alex Russell<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nThe HOSC is a multi-purpose facility that provides engineering and mission operations support for the space station, NASA\u2019s Commercial Crew Program<\/a>, and Artemis missions as well as science and technology demonstration missions. The Marshall team that supports the agency\u2019s CCP partnered with the HOSC during the SpaceX Demo-2 crewed test flight in 2020. Since then, the team has continued to utilize the HOSC for simulations, static fires, and launch operations, including the Crew-8 mission. The Payload Operations Integration Center<\/a> within the HOSC operates, plans, and coordinates the science experiments onboard the space station 365 days a year, 24 hours a day.<\/p>\nTwo engineers were selected to unveil and raise the Crew-8 mission flag for their exemplary work.<\/p>\n
Eric Earhart, the rotordynamics lead, was selected by the CCP team for his in-depth analysis of numerous turbopump data sets from past commercial missions in preparation for the Crew-8 mission. Through his role, Earhart identified trends and potential risks within critical turbopump dynamic performances, which led to a better understanding of their behavior. Earhart\u2019s thorough research of turbopump performances allowed launch vehicle management and the propulsion team to have an accurate risk assessment before the mission, according to Dave Gwaltney, technical assistant for CCP\u2019s Launch Vehicle Systems Office.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe are so grateful for Earhart\u2019s tremendous contributions to the Crew-8 mission,\u201d Gwaltney said.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nFrom left, Pelfrey, Oelkers, Earhart, and Gwaltney smile together after hanging the Crew-8 mission flag.<\/div>\nNASA\/Alex Russell<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nRick Oelkers, the data operations training lead and HOSC resource specialist, was chosen from the PMOD to assist in the flag ceremony. Oelkers was acknowledged as a key interface for coordinating the usage of the HOSC for CCP and ensuring the Operations Support Team is prepared for each mission. Oelkers also has been integral to the division\u2019s efforts to operate more efficiently and in the training of ground systems flight control personnel in preparation for the Crew-8 mission. In his training role, Oelkers creates new programs to better educate HOSC ground controllers.<\/p>\n
\u201cOelkers is the glue that holds the HOSC ground operations team together and he\u2019s an invaluable member of the Payload Mission Operations Division,\u201d said Nicole Pelfrey, PMOD manager.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe\u2019re excited to be supporting the mission and celebrating the launch together while recognizing our team members,\u201d Gwaltney said.<\/p>\n
Watch a highlight from the flag event here.<\/a><\/p>\nSmith,<\/em> a Media Fusion employee, supports the Marshall Office of Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nBEAM Celebrates Black History Month with \u2018The Color of Space\u2019 Screening<\/strong><\/h2>\nBy Celine Smith<\/em><\/p>\nAs part of the observance of Black History Month, the Black Employees and Allies of Marshall (BEAM) employee resource group invited NASA Marshall Space Flight Center team members to watch \u201cThe Color of Space.\u201d<\/p>\n
The film is a NASA documentary where active and retired African American astronauts \u2013 including Jeanette Epps, Stephanie Wilson, and Leland Melvin \u2013 share their stories and answer questions from Vanessa Wyche, director of the agency\u2019s Johnson Space Center. The Marshall screening was Feb. 27 in Activities Building 4316.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nAttendees at BEAM\u2019s Black History Month observance event Feb. 27 watch the NASA documentary \u201cThe Color of Space.\u201d On screen is former NASA astronaut Bernard A. Harris Jr., who flew during the Space Shuttle Program. He has logged 438 hours in space. <\/div>\nNASA\/Charles Beason<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\u201cWe hope to foster a deeper understanding of the diverse narratives within the Black community that are sometimes overlooked and misunderstood,\u201d said Nick Benjamin, president of BEAM, and a payload operations director at Marshall. \u201cOur aim is not only to commemorate the past but also to inspire ongoing conversations, awareness, and actions that promote equity, inclusivity, and positive change.\u201d<\/p>\n
Larry Leopard, Marshall\u2019s associate director, technical, attended the event. He gave a speech about the importance of instilling diversity and equality within Marshall and at NASA.<\/p>\n
BEAM\u2019s goal for Black History Month was to showcase and honor the historical contributions, feats, and overall legacy of Black people at NASA and in the country. BEAM\u2019s theme for the month was \u201cAfrican Americans and the Arts.\u201d<\/p>\n
Laila Willis, a 12-year-old violinist from Maitland Conservatory, performed \u201cLift Every Voice and Sing\u201d by John and James Johnson before the screening. She was followed by Whitney Davis, a data management coordinator in the Payload Operations Integration Center. Davis performed an original spoken word poem titled, \u201cWe Are Black History.\u201d To end the event, Kim Jones, a systems engineer for SLS (Space Launch System), performed \u201cTrouble of the World\u201d by Mahalia Jackson.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nViolinist Laila Willis, 12, performs \u201cLift Every Voice and Sing\u201d during the Black History Month observance event. <\/div>\nNASA\/Charles Beason<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nBEAM is an employee resource group created by NASA\u2019s ODEO (Office of Diversity and Equal Opportunity) to connect African American team members at Marshall. BEAM\u2019s mission is to cultivate and encourage a culture of diversity, while providing resources to team members to help develop their careers.<\/p>\n
Benjamin was asked by the ODEO to become president of the BEAM group at Marshall in 2019. \u201cComing from a small town in South Alabama and being one generation removed from sharecroppers, it makes me proud to be a part of such a great history and to also be a part of what NASA will mean for generations to come,\u201d Benjamin said. \u201cI carry the responsibility to make a lasting impression not only at NASA but also on the world.\u201d<\/p>\n
The group decided on the name BEAM to encompass their cause. \u201cWe want to be the \u2018beam\u2019 of light to help someone find their way,\u201d Benjamin said.<\/p>\n
Under Benjamin\u2019s leadership, community outreach has become the group\u2019s main focus. Outside of work, BEAM members spend their personal time organizing events to not only engage Black engineers at Marshall, but also positively influence the next generation to pursue an education and career in STEM and the aerospace industry.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nKim Jones, a systems engineer at Marshall, plays \u201cTrouble of the World\u201d during the Black History Month observance.<\/div>\nNASA\/Charles Beason<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\u201cBy promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion, BEAM aims to address challenges, drive cultural awareness, and collaboratively work toward a more inclusive workplace where all voices are not only heard, but also valued,\u201d Benjamin said.<\/p>\n
BEAM has widened their reach by connecting with other Black employee resource groups in Huntsville to increase visibility of job opportunities for African Americans, create a larger network among Black people, and organize community outreach events. BEAM organized the documentary showing with Jacobs Engineering\u2019s African American employee resource group Harambee, and Amazon\u2019s Black Employee Network.<\/p>\n
The organization is also a safe space for Black team members to discuss adversities and issues. Benjamin said being able to freely speak allows for opportunities to address to inequality, which aligns with NASA\u2019s Equity Mission<\/a> to eliminate barriers within agency programs that underserved and underrepresented communities may face.<\/p>\n\u201cBEAM realizes an inclusive, supportive, and dynamic workplace should value diversity because it promotes the well-being and development of all employees,\u201d Benjamin said. \u201cBEAM aims to provide an environment where we can learn from each other and lift each other as we climb higher.\u201d<\/p>\n
Smith, a Media Fusion employee, supports the Marshall Office of Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nNASA Collects First Surface Science in Decades via Commercial Moon Mission<\/strong><\/h2>\nFor the first time in more than 50 years, NASA was able to collect data from new science instruments and technology demonstrations on the Moon. The data comes from the first successful landing of a delivery through NASA\u2019s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services<\/a>) initiative and Artemis campaign.<\/p>\nThe\u00a0six instruments<\/a>\u00a0ceased science and technology operations seven days after landing in the lunar South Pole region aboard\u00a0Intuitive Machines\u2019 Odysseus, meeting pre-launch projected mission operations. Known as IM-1, this was the first U.S. soft landing on the Moon in decades, touching down Feb. 22 and proving commercial vendors can deliver instruments designed to expand the scientific and technical knowledge on the Moon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\nOdysseus\u2019 landing captured a leg, as it performed its primary task, absorbing first contact with the lunar surface. With the lander\u2019s liquid methane and liquid oxygen engine still throttling, it provided stability.<\/div>\nCredit: Intuitive Machines<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nAboard the lunar lander, NASA science instruments measured the radio noise generated by the Earth and Sun. Technology instruments aided Intuitive Machines in navigating to the Moon and gathered distance and speed (velocity) of the lander as it touched down on the lunar surface.<\/p>\n
\u201cThis mission includes many firsts. This is the first time in over 50 years that an American organization has landed instruments on the surface of the Moon,\u201d said Joel Kearns, deputy association administrator for exploration of NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate. \u201cThis mission also provides evidence of the Commercial Lunar Payload Services model, that NASA can purchase the service of sending instruments to the Moon and receiving their data back. Congratulations to the entire Intuitive Machines team and our NASA scientists and engineers for this next leap to advance exploration and our understanding of Earth\u2019s nearest neighbor.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nOdysseus captured an image Feb. 27 using its narrow-field-of-view camera.<\/div>\nCredit: Intuitive Machines<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nDuring transit from Earth to the Moon, all powered NASA instruments received data and completed transit checkouts.<\/p>\n
\n- During descent, the Radio Frequency Mass Gauge and Navigation Doppler Lidar collected data during the lander\u2019s powered descent and landing.<\/li>\n
- After landing, NASA payload data was acquired consistent with the communications and other constraints resulting from the lander orientation.<\/li>\n
- During surface operations, the Radio-wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the Photoelectron Sheath and Lunar Node-1 were powered on, performed surface operations, and have received data. Lunar Node-1<\/a> was developed, built, and tested at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center.<\/li>\n
- The Stereo Cameras for Lunar Plume-Surface Studies experiment was powered on and captured images during transit and several days after landing but was not successfully commanded to capture images of the lander rocket plume interaction with the lunar surface during landing.<\/li>\n
- The Laser Retroreflector Array is passive, and initial estimates suggest it is accessible for laser ranging from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter\u2019s Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter to create a permanent location marker on the Moon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u201cThe bottom line is every NASA instrument has met some level of their objectives, and we are very excited about that,\u201d said Sue Lederer, project scientist for CLPS. \u201cWe all worked together, and it\u2019s the people who really made a difference and made sure we overcame challenges to this incredible success \u2013 and that is where we are at today, with successes for all of our instruments.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n
NASA and Intuitive Machines\u00a0co-hosted a news conference<\/a>\u00a0Feb. 28 to provide a status update on the six NASA instruments that collected data on the IM-1 mission. Mission challenges and successes were discussed during the briefing, including more than 500 megabytes of science, technology, and spacecraft data downloaded and ready for analysis by NASA and Intuitive Machines.<\/p>\nThe first images from this historical mission are now available and showcase the orientation of the lander along with a view of the South Pole region on the Moon.\u00a0Odysseus is gently leaning into the lunar surface, preserving the ability to return scientific data. After successful transmission of images to Earth, Intuitive Machines continues to gain additional insight into Odysseus\u2019 position on the lunar surface.\u00a0All data gathered from this mission will aid Intuitive Machines in their next two CLPS contracts that NASA has previously awarded.<\/p>\n
\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nNASA, SpaceX Test Starship Lunar Lander Docking System<\/strong><\/h2>\nAs part of NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign that will establish the foundation for long-term scientific exploration at the Moon, crew will need to move between different spacecraft to carry out lunar landings. NASA and SpaceX recently performed qualification testing for the docking system that will help make that possible.\u00a0<\/p>\n
For the\u00a0Artemis III mission<\/a>, astronauts will ride the Orion spacecraft from Earth to lunar orbit, and then once the two spacecraft are docked, move to the lander, the Starship HLS (Human Landing System) that will bring them to the surface. After surface activities are complete, Starship will return the astronauts to Orion waiting in lunar orbit. During later missions, astronauts will transfer from Orion to Starship via the Gateway lunar space station. Based on SpaceX\u2019s flight-proven Dragon 2 docking system used on missions to the International Space Station, the Starship docking system can be configured to connect the lander to Orion or Gateway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\nSpaceX and NASA recently performed full-scale qualification testing of the docking system that will connect SpaceX\u2019s Starship Human Landing System with Orion and later Gateway in lunar orbit during future crewed Artemis missions. Based on the flight-proven Dragon 2 active docking system, the Starship HLS docking system will be able to act as an active or passive system during docking.<\/em><\/div>\nSpaceX<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nThe docking system tests for Starship HLS were conducted at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center over 10 days using a system that simulates contact dynamics between two spacecraft in orbit. The testing included more than 200 docking scenarios, with various approach angles and speeds. These real-world results using full-scale hardware will validate computer models of the Moon lander\u2019s docking system.<\/p>\n
This dynamic testing demonstrated that the Starship system could perform a \u201csoft capture\u201d while in the active docking role. When two spacecraft dock, one vehicle assumes an active \u201cchaser\u201d role while the other is in a passive \u201ctarget\u201d role. To perform a soft capture, the soft capture system (SCS) of the active docking system is extended while the passive system on the other spacecraft remains retracted. Latches and other mechanisms on the active docking system SCS attach to the passive system, allowing the two spacecraft to dock.<\/p>\n
Since being selected as the lander to return humans to the surface of the Moon for the first time since Apollo, SpaceX has completed more than 30 human landing system specific milestones by defining and testing hardware needed for power generation, communications, guidance and navigation, propulsion, life support, and space environments protection.<\/p>\n
Under NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign, the agency will land the first woman, first person of color, and its first international partner astronaut on the lunar surface, and prepare for human expeditions to Mars for the benefit of all. Commercial human landing systems are critical to deep space exploration, along with the SLS (Space Launch System) rocket, Orion spacecraft, advanced spacesuits and rovers, exploration ground systems, and the Gateway space station.<\/p>\n
NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center manages the SLS and human landing system programs.<\/p>\n
\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nAgency Opens Astronaut Applications as Newest Class Graduates<\/strong><\/h2>\nNASA welcomed its newest class of next generation Artemis astronauts in a March 5 ceremony at the agency\u2019s Johnson Space Center. The 10 astronaut graduates now are eligible for flight assignments. The agency also announced the opening for the next round of NASA astronaut applications.<\/p>\n
\u201cCongratulations to the newest class of NASA astronauts! We are excited to have a new and diverse set of explorers ready to expand humanity\u2019s reach,\u201d said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. \u201cAstronauts are pioneers who will help us embark on this new era of exploration, and we need more adventurers ready to join the ranks to explore the cosmos, including future missions to the Moon, on to Mars, and beyond.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nNASA newest class of astronauts, selected in 2021, graduate during a ceremony March 5 at the at the agency\u2019s Johnson Space Center.<\/div>\nNASA<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nSelected for training in 2021, the\u00a0astronaut graduates<\/a>\u00a0were chosen from a pool of more than 12,000 applicants and successfully completed more than two years of required basic training, including spacewalking, robotics, space station systems, and more.<\/p>\nThe graduates may be assigned to missions destined for the International Space Station, future commercial space stations, and Artemis campaign missions to the Moon in preparation for Mars.<\/p>\n
\u201cCongratulations to NASA and the astronaut graduates,\u201d said U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Director Kiran Ahuja. \u201cBy partnering with OPM, NASA employed an automated and streamlined hiring process to screen applicants for these prestigious roles. OPM is thrilled to continue supporting NASA experts to design and implement their hiring methods.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cIt\u2019s an incredible time to be an astronaut with a variety of spacecraft to fly and more destinations to explore,\u201d said Chief Astronaut Joe Acaba. \u201cI\u2019m honored to welcome these astronauts, congratulate them on their hard work, and look forward to growing our ranks as we help expand humanity\u2019s reach into the solar system.\u201d<\/p>\n
The graduating NASA astronauts are Nichole Ayers of Colorado Springs, Colorado; Marcos Berr\u00edos of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; Chris Birch of Gilbert, Arizona; Deniz Bunham of Wasilla, Alaska; Luke Delaney of Debary, Florida; Andre Douglas of Chesapeake, Virginia; Jack Hathaway of South Windsor, Connecticut; Anil Menon of Minneapolis; Chris Williams of Potomac, Maryland, and Jessica Wittner of Clovis, California.<\/p>\n
Continuing the long tradition of international partnership, two UAE (United Arab Emirates) astronauts, Nora AlMatrooshi and Mohammad AlMulla of the Mohammad Bin Rashid Space Centre, trained alongside their NASA counterparts for the past two years, as well as participated in the graduation ceremony.<\/p>\n
This is one part of the partnership between NASA the UAE, including cooperation on the International Space Station, NASA\u2019s Artemis missions through the Gateway lunar space station, and other activities on Earth and in space that are supporting groundbreaking science and research.<\/p>\n
To apply to\u00a0become a NASA<\/a>\u00a0astronaut, applicants should go here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nNASA Signs Agreement with Nikon to Develop Lunar Artemis Camera<\/strong><\/h2>\nWhen NASA sends astronauts to the South Pole region of the Moon for the first time with its Artemis campaign, they will capture photos with a handheld camera to help advance scientific research and discovery for the benefit of all. NASA and Nikon Inc. recently signed a\u00a0Space Act Agreement<\/a>\u00a0that outlines how they will work together to develop a handheld camera that can operate in the harsh lunar environment for use beginning with\u00a0Artemis III<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\nPhotographing the lunar South Pole region requires a modern camera with specialized capabilities to manage the extreme\u00a0lighting conditions and temperatures<\/a>\u00a0unique to the area. The agreement enables NASA to have a space-rated camera ready for use on the lunar surface without needing to develop one from scratch.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\nNASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Drew Feustel practice using an early design of the Handheld Universal Lunar Camera during the Joint Extravehicular Activity and Human Surface Mobility Test Team Field Test 3 in Arizona.<\/div>\nNASA\/Bill Stafford<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nPrior to the agreement, NASA performed initial testing on a standard Nikon Z 9 camera to determine the specifications a camera would need to operate on the lunar surface. With the agreement in place, teams at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center, along with Nikon, have started working to implement the necessary adjustments and develop the HULC (Handheld Universal Lunar Camera), the agency\u2019s next-generation camera astronauts will use on the Moon.\u00a0<\/p>\n
The resulting design consists of a modified Nikon Z 9 camera and Nikkor lenses, NASA\u2019s thermal blanket, which will protect the camera from dust and extreme temperatures, and a custom grip with modified buttons developed by NASA engineers for easier handling by suited crew members wearing thick gloves during a moonwalk.\u00a0In addition, the camera will incorporate the latest imagery technology and will have modified electrical components to minimize issues caused by radiation, ensuring the camera operates as intended on the Moon.\u00a0<\/p>\n
The camera will be the first mirrorless handheld camera used on the Moon, designed for capturing imagery in low-light environments. Prior to Artemis missions, the camera will be used at the International Space Station to demonstrate its capabilities.\u00a0<\/p>\n
For over 50 years, NASA has used a variety of cameras in space, including the cameras crew members currently use at the International Space Station to take photos of science experiments, day-to-day operations, and during spacewalks while they orbit about 250 miles above Earth.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nNASA astronaut Jessica Wittner uses an early design of the Artemis lunar camera to take photos during planetary geological field training in Lanzarote, Spain.<\/div>\nEuropean Space Agency\/A. Romero<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nDuring the Apollo program, crewmembers took over 18,000 photos using modified large-format, handheld cameras. However, those cameras didn\u2019t have viewfinders, so astronauts were trained to aim the camera from chest-level where it attached to the front of the spacesuit. In addition, Apollo\u00a0crewmembers had to use separate cameras for photos and video. The new lunar camera will have a viewfinder and video capabilities to capture both still imagery and video on a single device.\u00a0<\/p>\n
To ensure camera performance on the lunar surface, NASA has begun thermal, vacuum, and radiation testing on the lunar camera to see how it behaves in a space-like environment. Suited NASA crewmembers have used the camera to capture imagery of geology tasks during simulated\u00a0moonwalks<\/a>\u00a0in Arizona, and an international crew of astronauts from NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and JAXA (Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency) used it during\u00a0geology training<\/a>\u00a0in Lanzarote, Spain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\nNASA crewmembers will use the camera during the Joint Extravehicular Activity and Human Surface Mobility Test Team Field Test #5, an upcoming analog mission in Arizona where teams will conduct simulated moonwalks in the desert to practice lunar operations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
Through NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign, the agency\u00a0will land the first woman, the first person of color, and its first international partner astronaut on the surface of the Moon, paving the way for a long-term lunar presence and serving as a steppingstone to send the first astronauts to Mars.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nAgency Awards Contracts for Flight, Payload Integration Services<\/strong><\/h2>\nNASA has selected 15 companies to provide flight and payload integration services to advance technologies and procedures for operating in space, including testing in high-altitude, reduced gravity, or other relevant environments.\u00a0Examples of payloads include NASA science instruments or technology demonstrations.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nThe indefinite-delivery\/indefinite-quantity base contract awards are firm-fixed-price with a total combined value of $45 million and a performance period of five years. The flights and other services covered by these contracts are for use by NASA and other government agencies. The types of platforms that will be used for testing include suborbital rockets, high-altitude balloons, orbital spacecraft and satellites, and, in some instances, suborbital rockets that can accommodate carry people.<\/p>\n
The following companies have been awarded contracts to provide services through demonstrated commercial capabilities:<\/p>\n
\n- Aerostar International, Inc., of Sioux Falls, South Dakota<\/li>\n
- Angstrom Designs Inc., of Santa Barbara, California<\/li>\n
- Astrobotic Technology Inc., of Pittsburgh<\/li>\n
- Astro Digital US Inc., of Santa Clara, California<\/li>\n
- Blue Origin Texas, LLC of Van Horn, Texas<\/li>\n
- Galactic Enterprises, LLC of Las Cruces, New Mexico<\/li>\n
- Loft Orbital Federal, LLC of Golden, Colorado<\/li>\n
- Momentus Space LLC of San Jose, California<\/li>\n
- Near Space Corp., of Tillamook, Oregon<\/li>\n
- Rocket Lab USA Inc., of Long Beach, California<\/li>\n
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp., of Hawthorne, California<\/li>\n
- Spire Global Subsidiary, Inc., of Vienna, Virginia<\/li>\n
- Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., of Irvine, California<\/li>\n
- Varda Space Industries, Inc., of El Segundo, California<\/li>\n
- World View Enterprises Inc., of Tucson, Arizona<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The contracts are in support of NASA\u2019s\u00a0Flight Opportunities<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Small Spacecraft Technology<\/a>\u00a0programs, both part of the NASA\u2019s Space Technology Mission Directorate at the agency\u2019s headquarters. These programs support technology development and missions to change the pace of space exploration, discovery, and space commerce.<\/p>\nFor information about the flight platforms available through NASA\u2019s Flight Opportunities program, visit here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nOSIRIS-APEX Journey Highlighted on \u2018This Week at NASA\u2019<\/strong><\/h2>\nPreliminary telemetry indicates that NASA\u2019s OSIRIS-APEX<\/a> spacecraft, formerly known as OSIRIS-REx<\/a>, recently completed an operation that brought it 25 million miles closer to the Sun than it was designed to function. The mission is featured in \u201cThis Week @ NASA,\u201d a weekly video program broadcast on NASA-TV and posted online.<\/p>\nThe close pass of the Sun, or perihelion was the first of seven OSIRIS-APEX will make on its journey to study asteroid Apophis, which is expected to have a rare close encounter with Earth in April 2029. NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center provides overall mission management, systems engineering, and the safety and mission assurance for OSIRIS-APEX<\/a>.<\/p>\nOSIRIS-APEX is the third mission in NASA\u2019s New Frontiers Program, managed by the agency\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center for the agency\u2019s Science Mission Directorate.<\/p>\n
View this and previous episodes at \u201cThis Week @NASA\u201d on NASA\u2019s\u00a0YouTube<\/a>\u00a0page.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n\u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nJuno Mission Measures Oxygen Production at Europa<\/strong><\/h2>\nScientists with NASA\u2019s\u00a0Juno<\/a>\u00a0mission to Jupiter have calculated the rate of oxygen being produced at the Jovian moon Europa to be substantially less than most previous studies. Published on March 4 in\u00a0Nature Astronomy<\/a>, the findings were derived by measuring hydrogen outgassing from the icy moon\u2019s surface using data collected by the spacecraft\u2019s JADE (Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment) instrument.<\/p>\nThe paper\u2019s authors estimate the amount of oxygen produced to be around 26 pounds every second. Previous estimates range from a few pounds to over 2,000 pounds per second. Scientists believe that some of the oxygen produced in this manner could work its way into the moon\u2019s subsurface ocean as a possible source of metabolic energy.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n<\/figure>\nThis view of Jupiter\u2019s icy moon Europa was captured by the JunoCam imager aboard NASA\u2019s Juno spacecraft during the mission\u2019s close flyby on Sept. 29, 2022.<\/div>\nImage data: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/SwRI\/MSSS. Image processing: Kevin M. Gill CC BY 3.0<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Team members at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center celebrated another successful launch as astronauts on NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 mission<\/a> began the journey to the International Space Station in the late hours of March 3.<\/p>\n Marshall\u2019s support team is part of the agency\u2019s CCP (Commercial Crew Program<\/a>) team, which partners with private companies, such as SpaceX, to develop commercial crew space transportation capabilities to and from the space station.<\/p>\n Long before liftoff, the Marshall team was hard at work to ensure the launch vehicle was ready for spaceflight. For Mark Armstrong, a testing verification analyst for CCP at Marshall, that meant carefully reviewing any changes made to SpaceX\u2019s Falcon 9 rocket after the Crew-7 mission<\/a> in August 2023, and making sure those changes are consistent with flight requirements ahead of Crew-8\u2019s launch.<\/p>\n \u201cMy work is generally done before launch date, so for the day of launch, I get to sit back and enjoy watching Crew-8 ride to the International Space Station,\u201d Armstrong said. \u201cThen, I\u2019m looking ahead to the next mission.\u201d<\/p>\n Others, like David Gwaltney, remain on the clock for day-of launch operations. Gwaltney serves as a technical assistant for CCP\u2019s Launch Vehicle Systems Office at Marshall, working with other teams to make sure the launch vehicle is certified for flight.<\/p>\n On the day of launch, Gwaltney joins team members in the HOSC (Huntsville Operations Support Center), a multi-mission facility that provides engineering and mission operations support for the space station, CCP, and more.<\/p>\n Crew-7 launched early in the morning, but \u201cthis time around, I showed up to the HOSC around dinnertime,\u201d Gwaltney said. \u201cMostly, I monitored the launch system to make sure everything\u2019s working properly, the vehicle is healthy during flight, and the crew makes it to orbit safely.\u201d<\/p>\n Crew-8 reached orbit after a successful launch from Launch Complex 39A at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center, eventually docking on the space station at 1:28 a.m. CST March 5. It\u2019s the agency\u2019s ninth crewed mission with SpaceX to the space station, launching five years and one day after NASA\u2019s first uncrewed orbital flight, Demo-1<\/a>, with SpaceX.<\/p>\n \u201cWe even had a shooting star during ascent! This launch was tremendous,\u201d said Maggie Freeman, program analyst supporting the Launch Vehicle Systems Office within the Commercial Crew Program at Marshall. \u201cCrew-8 now marks 50 people who we have successfully flown into space on Crew Dragon in just five short years. I\u2019m immensely proud of our team and looking forward to many more milestones.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cWe are all contributors to making history and forging the future of space travel and exploration,\u201d said Deborah Crane, launch vehicle chief engineer for the Commercial Crew Program at Marshall. \u201cIncreasing our knowledge of our planet, solar system, and universe is always inspirational and exciting. I am so proud to be part of the Commercial Crew Program and to work with such a talented and dedicated team.\u201d<\/p>\n Crew-8 will conduct new scientific research<\/a> to prepare for human exploration beyond Low Earth orbit, including a study of brain organoids to understand neurodegenerative disorders, shifts in body fluids<\/a> during spaceflight, and the effects of UV radiation and microgravity on plant growth<\/a>. In all, more than 200 science experiments and technology demonstrations will take place during their mission.<\/p>\n Barnett, a Media Fusion employee, supports the Marshall Office of Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n \u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n By Celine Smith<\/em><\/p>\n Team members at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center gathered to unfurl a flag for NASA\u2019s SpaceX Crew-8 mission on Feb. 28, just days before Crew-8 launched<\/a> to the International Space Station on March 3.<\/p>\n The flag raising has been a tradition for missions supported at Marshall\u2019s HOSC (Huntsville Operations Support Center), as well as a tradition within the CCP (Commercial Crew Program) to celebrate the successful conclusion of NASA\u2019s Agency Flight Readiness Review prior to launch. The Crew-8 mission event was the first flag raising to be held as a joint effort between the PMOD (Payload and Mission Operations Division) and CCP team. Marshall team members from both organizations were in attendance.<\/p>\n The HOSC is a multi-purpose facility that provides engineering and mission operations support for the space station, NASA\u2019s Commercial Crew Program<\/a>, and Artemis missions as well as science and technology demonstration missions. The Marshall team that supports the agency\u2019s CCP partnered with the HOSC during the SpaceX Demo-2 crewed test flight in 2020. Since then, the team has continued to utilize the HOSC for simulations, static fires, and launch operations, including the Crew-8 mission. The Payload Operations Integration Center<\/a> within the HOSC operates, plans, and coordinates the science experiments onboard the space station 365 days a year, 24 hours a day.<\/p>\n Two engineers were selected to unveil and raise the Crew-8 mission flag for their exemplary work.<\/p>\n Eric Earhart, the rotordynamics lead, was selected by the CCP team for his in-depth analysis of numerous turbopump data sets from past commercial missions in preparation for the Crew-8 mission. Through his role, Earhart identified trends and potential risks within critical turbopump dynamic performances, which led to a better understanding of their behavior. Earhart\u2019s thorough research of turbopump performances allowed launch vehicle management and the propulsion team to have an accurate risk assessment before the mission, according to Dave Gwaltney, technical assistant for CCP\u2019s Launch Vehicle Systems Office.<\/p>\n \u201cWe are so grateful for Earhart\u2019s tremendous contributions to the Crew-8 mission,\u201d Gwaltney said.<\/p>\n Rick Oelkers, the data operations training lead and HOSC resource specialist, was chosen from the PMOD to assist in the flag ceremony. Oelkers was acknowledged as a key interface for coordinating the usage of the HOSC for CCP and ensuring the Operations Support Team is prepared for each mission. Oelkers also has been integral to the division\u2019s efforts to operate more efficiently and in the training of ground systems flight control personnel in preparation for the Crew-8 mission. In his training role, Oelkers creates new programs to better educate HOSC ground controllers.<\/p>\n \u201cOelkers is the glue that holds the HOSC ground operations team together and he\u2019s an invaluable member of the Payload Mission Operations Division,\u201d said Nicole Pelfrey, PMOD manager.<\/p>\n \u201cWe\u2019re excited to be supporting the mission and celebrating the launch together while recognizing our team members,\u201d Gwaltney said.<\/p>\n Watch a highlight from the flag event here.<\/a><\/p>\n Smith,<\/em> a Media Fusion employee, supports the Marshall Office of Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n \u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n By Celine Smith<\/em><\/p>\n As part of the observance of Black History Month, the Black Employees and Allies of Marshall (BEAM) employee resource group invited NASA Marshall Space Flight Center team members to watch \u201cThe Color of Space.\u201d<\/p>\n The film is a NASA documentary where active and retired African American astronauts \u2013 including Jeanette Epps, Stephanie Wilson, and Leland Melvin \u2013 share their stories and answer questions from Vanessa Wyche, director of the agency\u2019s Johnson Space Center. The Marshall screening was Feb. 27 in Activities Building 4316.<\/p>\n \u201cWe hope to foster a deeper understanding of the diverse narratives within the Black community that are sometimes overlooked and misunderstood,\u201d said Nick Benjamin, president of BEAM, and a payload operations director at Marshall. \u201cOur aim is not only to commemorate the past but also to inspire ongoing conversations, awareness, and actions that promote equity, inclusivity, and positive change.\u201d<\/p>\n Larry Leopard, Marshall\u2019s associate director, technical, attended the event. He gave a speech about the importance of instilling diversity and equality within Marshall and at NASA.<\/p>\n BEAM\u2019s goal for Black History Month was to showcase and honor the historical contributions, feats, and overall legacy of Black people at NASA and in the country. BEAM\u2019s theme for the month was \u201cAfrican Americans and the Arts.\u201d<\/p>\n Laila Willis, a 12-year-old violinist from Maitland Conservatory, performed \u201cLift Every Voice and Sing\u201d by John and James Johnson before the screening. She was followed by Whitney Davis, a data management coordinator in the Payload Operations Integration Center. Davis performed an original spoken word poem titled, \u201cWe Are Black History.\u201d To end the event, Kim Jones, a systems engineer for SLS (Space Launch System), performed \u201cTrouble of the World\u201d by Mahalia Jackson.<\/p>\n BEAM is an employee resource group created by NASA\u2019s ODEO (Office of Diversity and Equal Opportunity) to connect African American team members at Marshall. BEAM\u2019s mission is to cultivate and encourage a culture of diversity, while providing resources to team members to help develop their careers.<\/p>\n Benjamin was asked by the ODEO to become president of the BEAM group at Marshall in 2019. \u201cComing from a small town in South Alabama and being one generation removed from sharecroppers, it makes me proud to be a part of such a great history and to also be a part of what NASA will mean for generations to come,\u201d Benjamin said. \u201cI carry the responsibility to make a lasting impression not only at NASA but also on the world.\u201d<\/p>\n The group decided on the name BEAM to encompass their cause. \u201cWe want to be the \u2018beam\u2019 of light to help someone find their way,\u201d Benjamin said.<\/p>\n Under Benjamin\u2019s leadership, community outreach has become the group\u2019s main focus. Outside of work, BEAM members spend their personal time organizing events to not only engage Black engineers at Marshall, but also positively influence the next generation to pursue an education and career in STEM and the aerospace industry.<\/p>\n \u201cBy promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion, BEAM aims to address challenges, drive cultural awareness, and collaboratively work toward a more inclusive workplace where all voices are not only heard, but also valued,\u201d Benjamin said.<\/p>\n BEAM has widened their reach by connecting with other Black employee resource groups in Huntsville to increase visibility of job opportunities for African Americans, create a larger network among Black people, and organize community outreach events. BEAM organized the documentary showing with Jacobs Engineering\u2019s African American employee resource group Harambee, and Amazon\u2019s Black Employee Network.<\/p>\n The organization is also a safe space for Black team members to discuss adversities and issues. Benjamin said being able to freely speak allows for opportunities to address to inequality, which aligns with NASA\u2019s Equity Mission<\/a> to eliminate barriers within agency programs that underserved and underrepresented communities may face.<\/p>\n \u201cBEAM realizes an inclusive, supportive, and dynamic workplace should value diversity because it promotes the well-being and development of all employees,\u201d Benjamin said. \u201cBEAM aims to provide an environment where we can learn from each other and lift each other as we climb higher.\u201d<\/p>\n Smith, a Media Fusion employee, supports the Marshall Office of Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n \u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n For the first time in more than 50 years, NASA was able to collect data from new science instruments and technology demonstrations on the Moon. The data comes from the first successful landing of a delivery through NASA\u2019s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services<\/a>) initiative and Artemis campaign.<\/p>\n The\u00a0six instruments<\/a>\u00a0ceased science and technology operations seven days after landing in the lunar South Pole region aboard\u00a0Intuitive Machines\u2019 Odysseus, meeting pre-launch projected mission operations. Known as IM-1, this was the first U.S. soft landing on the Moon in decades, touching down Feb. 22 and proving commercial vendors can deliver instruments designed to expand the scientific and technical knowledge on the Moon.<\/p>\n Aboard the lunar lander, NASA science instruments measured the radio noise generated by the Earth and Sun. Technology instruments aided Intuitive Machines in navigating to the Moon and gathered distance and speed (velocity) of the lander as it touched down on the lunar surface.<\/p>\n \u201cThis mission includes many firsts. This is the first time in over 50 years that an American organization has landed instruments on the surface of the Moon,\u201d said Joel Kearns, deputy association administrator for exploration of NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate. \u201cThis mission also provides evidence of the Commercial Lunar Payload Services model, that NASA can purchase the service of sending instruments to the Moon and receiving their data back. Congratulations to the entire Intuitive Machines team and our NASA scientists and engineers for this next leap to advance exploration and our understanding of Earth\u2019s nearest neighbor.\u201d<\/p>\n During transit from Earth to the Moon, all powered NASA instruments received data and completed transit checkouts.<\/p>\n \u201cThe bottom line is every NASA instrument has met some level of their objectives, and we are very excited about that,\u201d said Sue Lederer, project scientist for CLPS. \u201cWe all worked together, and it\u2019s the people who really made a difference and made sure we overcame challenges to this incredible success \u2013 and that is where we are at today, with successes for all of our instruments.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n NASA and Intuitive Machines\u00a0co-hosted a news conference<\/a>\u00a0Feb. 28 to provide a status update on the six NASA instruments that collected data on the IM-1 mission. Mission challenges and successes were discussed during the briefing, including more than 500 megabytes of science, technology, and spacecraft data downloaded and ready for analysis by NASA and Intuitive Machines.<\/p>\n The first images from this historical mission are now available and showcase the orientation of the lander along with a view of the South Pole region on the Moon.\u00a0Odysseus is gently leaning into the lunar surface, preserving the ability to return scientific data. After successful transmission of images to Earth, Intuitive Machines continues to gain additional insight into Odysseus\u2019 position on the lunar surface.\u00a0All data gathered from this mission will aid Intuitive Machines in their next two CLPS contracts that NASA has previously awarded.<\/p>\n \u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n As part of NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign that will establish the foundation for long-term scientific exploration at the Moon, crew will need to move between different spacecraft to carry out lunar landings. NASA and SpaceX recently performed qualification testing for the docking system that will help make that possible.\u00a0<\/p>\n For the\u00a0Artemis III mission<\/a>, astronauts will ride the Orion spacecraft from Earth to lunar orbit, and then once the two spacecraft are docked, move to the lander, the Starship HLS (Human Landing System) that will bring them to the surface. After surface activities are complete, Starship will return the astronauts to Orion waiting in lunar orbit. During later missions, astronauts will transfer from Orion to Starship via the Gateway lunar space station. Based on SpaceX\u2019s flight-proven Dragon 2 docking system used on missions to the International Space Station, the Starship docking system can be configured to connect the lander to Orion or Gateway.<\/p>\n The docking system tests for Starship HLS were conducted at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center over 10 days using a system that simulates contact dynamics between two spacecraft in orbit. The testing included more than 200 docking scenarios, with various approach angles and speeds. These real-world results using full-scale hardware will validate computer models of the Moon lander\u2019s docking system.<\/p>\n This dynamic testing demonstrated that the Starship system could perform a \u201csoft capture\u201d while in the active docking role. When two spacecraft dock, one vehicle assumes an active \u201cchaser\u201d role while the other is in a passive \u201ctarget\u201d role. To perform a soft capture, the soft capture system (SCS) of the active docking system is extended while the passive system on the other spacecraft remains retracted. Latches and other mechanisms on the active docking system SCS attach to the passive system, allowing the two spacecraft to dock.<\/p>\n Since being selected as the lander to return humans to the surface of the Moon for the first time since Apollo, SpaceX has completed more than 30 human landing system specific milestones by defining and testing hardware needed for power generation, communications, guidance and navigation, propulsion, life support, and space environments protection.<\/p>\n Under NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign, the agency will land the first woman, first person of color, and its first international partner astronaut on the lunar surface, and prepare for human expeditions to Mars for the benefit of all. Commercial human landing systems are critical to deep space exploration, along with the SLS (Space Launch System) rocket, Orion spacecraft, advanced spacesuits and rovers, exploration ground systems, and the Gateway space station.<\/p>\n NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center manages the SLS and human landing system programs.<\/p>\n \u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n NASA welcomed its newest class of next generation Artemis astronauts in a March 5 ceremony at the agency\u2019s Johnson Space Center. The 10 astronaut graduates now are eligible for flight assignments. The agency also announced the opening for the next round of NASA astronaut applications.<\/p>\n \u201cCongratulations to the newest class of NASA astronauts! We are excited to have a new and diverse set of explorers ready to expand humanity\u2019s reach,\u201d said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. \u201cAstronauts are pioneers who will help us embark on this new era of exploration, and we need more adventurers ready to join the ranks to explore the cosmos, including future missions to the Moon, on to Mars, and beyond.\u201d<\/p>\n Selected for training in 2021, the\u00a0astronaut graduates<\/a>\u00a0were chosen from a pool of more than 12,000 applicants and successfully completed more than two years of required basic training, including spacewalking, robotics, space station systems, and more.<\/p>\n The graduates may be assigned to missions destined for the International Space Station, future commercial space stations, and Artemis campaign missions to the Moon in preparation for Mars.<\/p>\n \u201cCongratulations to NASA and the astronaut graduates,\u201d said U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Director Kiran Ahuja. \u201cBy partnering with OPM, NASA employed an automated and streamlined hiring process to screen applicants for these prestigious roles. OPM is thrilled to continue supporting NASA experts to design and implement their hiring methods.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cIt\u2019s an incredible time to be an astronaut with a variety of spacecraft to fly and more destinations to explore,\u201d said Chief Astronaut Joe Acaba. \u201cI\u2019m honored to welcome these astronauts, congratulate them on their hard work, and look forward to growing our ranks as we help expand humanity\u2019s reach into the solar system.\u201d<\/p>\n The graduating NASA astronauts are Nichole Ayers of Colorado Springs, Colorado; Marcos Berr\u00edos of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; Chris Birch of Gilbert, Arizona; Deniz Bunham of Wasilla, Alaska; Luke Delaney of Debary, Florida; Andre Douglas of Chesapeake, Virginia; Jack Hathaway of South Windsor, Connecticut; Anil Menon of Minneapolis; Chris Williams of Potomac, Maryland, and Jessica Wittner of Clovis, California.<\/p>\n Continuing the long tradition of international partnership, two UAE (United Arab Emirates) astronauts, Nora AlMatrooshi and Mohammad AlMulla of the Mohammad Bin Rashid Space Centre, trained alongside their NASA counterparts for the past two years, as well as participated in the graduation ceremony.<\/p>\n This is one part of the partnership between NASA the UAE, including cooperation on the International Space Station, NASA\u2019s Artemis missions through the Gateway lunar space station, and other activities on Earth and in space that are supporting groundbreaking science and research.<\/p>\n To apply to\u00a0become a NASA<\/a>\u00a0astronaut, applicants should go here<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n When NASA sends astronauts to the South Pole region of the Moon for the first time with its Artemis campaign, they will capture photos with a handheld camera to help advance scientific research and discovery for the benefit of all. NASA and Nikon Inc. recently signed a\u00a0Space Act Agreement<\/a>\u00a0that outlines how they will work together to develop a handheld camera that can operate in the harsh lunar environment for use beginning with\u00a0Artemis III<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n Photographing the lunar South Pole region requires a modern camera with specialized capabilities to manage the extreme\u00a0lighting conditions and temperatures<\/a>\u00a0unique to the area. The agreement enables NASA to have a space-rated camera ready for use on the lunar surface without needing to develop one from scratch.\u00a0<\/p>\n Prior to the agreement, NASA performed initial testing on a standard Nikon Z 9 camera to determine the specifications a camera would need to operate on the lunar surface. With the agreement in place, teams at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center, along with Nikon, have started working to implement the necessary adjustments and develop the HULC (Handheld Universal Lunar Camera), the agency\u2019s next-generation camera astronauts will use on the Moon.\u00a0<\/p>\n The resulting design consists of a modified Nikon Z 9 camera and Nikkor lenses, NASA\u2019s thermal blanket, which will protect the camera from dust and extreme temperatures, and a custom grip with modified buttons developed by NASA engineers for easier handling by suited crew members wearing thick gloves during a moonwalk.\u00a0In addition, the camera will incorporate the latest imagery technology and will have modified electrical components to minimize issues caused by radiation, ensuring the camera operates as intended on the Moon.\u00a0<\/p>\n The camera will be the first mirrorless handheld camera used on the Moon, designed for capturing imagery in low-light environments. Prior to Artemis missions, the camera will be used at the International Space Station to demonstrate its capabilities.\u00a0<\/p>\n For over 50 years, NASA has used a variety of cameras in space, including the cameras crew members currently use at the International Space Station to take photos of science experiments, day-to-day operations, and during spacewalks while they orbit about 250 miles above Earth.\u00a0<\/p>\n During the Apollo program, crewmembers took over 18,000 photos using modified large-format, handheld cameras. However, those cameras didn\u2019t have viewfinders, so astronauts were trained to aim the camera from chest-level where it attached to the front of the spacesuit. In addition, Apollo\u00a0crewmembers had to use separate cameras for photos and video. The new lunar camera will have a viewfinder and video capabilities to capture both still imagery and video on a single device.\u00a0<\/p>\n To ensure camera performance on the lunar surface, NASA has begun thermal, vacuum, and radiation testing on the lunar camera to see how it behaves in a space-like environment. Suited NASA crewmembers have used the camera to capture imagery of geology tasks during simulated\u00a0moonwalks<\/a>\u00a0in Arizona, and an international crew of astronauts from NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and JAXA (Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency) used it during\u00a0geology training<\/a>\u00a0in Lanzarote, Spain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n NASA crewmembers will use the camera during the Joint Extravehicular Activity and Human Surface Mobility Test Team Field Test #5, an upcoming analog mission in Arizona where teams will conduct simulated moonwalks in the desert to practice lunar operations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n Through NASA\u2019s Artemis campaign, the agency\u00a0will land the first woman, the first person of color, and its first international partner astronaut on the surface of the Moon, paving the way for a long-term lunar presence and serving as a steppingstone to send the first astronauts to Mars.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n NASA has selected 15 companies to provide flight and payload integration services to advance technologies and procedures for operating in space, including testing in high-altitude, reduced gravity, or other relevant environments.\u00a0Examples of payloads include NASA science instruments or technology demonstrations.<\/p>\n The indefinite-delivery\/indefinite-quantity base contract awards are firm-fixed-price with a total combined value of $45 million and a performance period of five years. The flights and other services covered by these contracts are for use by NASA and other government agencies. The types of platforms that will be used for testing include suborbital rockets, high-altitude balloons, orbital spacecraft and satellites, and, in some instances, suborbital rockets that can accommodate carry people.<\/p>\n The following companies have been awarded contracts to provide services through demonstrated commercial capabilities:<\/p>\n The contracts are in support of NASA\u2019s\u00a0Flight Opportunities<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Small Spacecraft Technology<\/a>\u00a0programs, both part of the NASA\u2019s Space Technology Mission Directorate at the agency\u2019s headquarters. These programs support technology development and missions to change the pace of space exploration, discovery, and space commerce.<\/p>\n For information about the flight platforms available through NASA\u2019s Flight Opportunities program, visit here<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n Preliminary telemetry indicates that NASA\u2019s OSIRIS-APEX<\/a> spacecraft, formerly known as OSIRIS-REx<\/a>, recently completed an operation that brought it 25 million miles closer to the Sun than it was designed to function. The mission is featured in \u201cThis Week @ NASA,\u201d a weekly video program broadcast on NASA-TV and posted online.<\/p>\n The close pass of the Sun, or perihelion was the first of seven OSIRIS-APEX will make on its journey to study asteroid Apophis, which is expected to have a rare close encounter with Earth in April 2029. NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center provides overall mission management, systems engineering, and the safety and mission assurance for OSIRIS-APEX<\/a>.<\/p>\n OSIRIS-APEX is the third mission in NASA\u2019s New Frontiers Program, managed by the agency\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center for the agency\u2019s Science Mission Directorate.<\/p>\n View this and previous episodes at \u201cThis Week @NASA\u201d on NASA\u2019s\u00a0YouTube<\/a>\u00a0page.<\/p>\n \u203a Back to Top<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n Scientists with NASA\u2019s\u00a0Juno<\/a>\u00a0mission to Jupiter have calculated the rate of oxygen being produced at the Jovian moon Europa to be substantially less than most previous studies. Published on March 4 in\u00a0Nature Astronomy<\/a>, the findings were derived by measuring hydrogen outgassing from the icy moon\u2019s surface using data collected by the spacecraft\u2019s JADE (Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment) instrument.<\/p>\n The paper\u2019s authors estimate the amount of oxygen produced to be around 26 pounds every second. Previous estimates range from a few pounds to over 2,000 pounds per second. Scientists believe that some of the oxygen produced in this manner could work its way into the moon\u2019s subsurface ocean as a possible source of metabolic energy.<\/p>\n<\/figure><\/figure><\/figure>Huntsville Operations Support Center Raises Flag for Crew-8 Mission<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/figure><\/figure>BEAM Celebrates Black History Month with \u2018The Color of Space\u2019 Screening<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/figure><\/figure><\/figure>NASA Collects First Surface Science in Decades via Commercial Moon Mission<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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NASA, SpaceX Test Starship Lunar Lander Docking System<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/figure>Agency Opens Astronaut Applications as Newest Class Graduates<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/figure>NASA Signs Agreement with Nikon to Develop Lunar Artemis Camera<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/figure><\/figure>Agency Awards Contracts for Flight, Payload Integration Services<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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OSIRIS-APEX Journey Highlighted on \u2018This Week at NASA\u2019<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Juno Mission Measures Oxygen Production at Europa<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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